无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家都尝试过写作吧，借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
有关四级范文摘抄简短一
（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1、有一些人认为……
累了，休息下，去考试大在线网上辅导逛逛
2、另一些人认为……
3、我的看法……
the topic of ①________（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. there are two sides of opinions of it. some people say a is their favorite. they hold their view for the reason of ②________（支持a的理由一）what is more, ③________（理由二）。 moreover, ④________（理由三）。
while others think that b is a better choice in the following three reasons. firstly,________（支持b的理由一）。 secondly (besides)，⑥____________（理由二）。 thirdly (finally)，⑦____________（理由三）。
from my point of view, i think ⑧________（我的观点）。 the reason is that ⑨____________（原因）。 as a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. for me, the former is surely a wise choice 。
（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点some people believe that ①________（观点一）。 for example, they think ②________（举例说明）。and it will bring them ③________（为他们带来的好处）。
in my opinion, i never think this reason can be the point. for one thing,④____（我不同意该看法的理由一）。 for another thing, ⑤____（反对的理由之二）。 form all what i have said,i agree to the thought that ⑥____（我对文章所讨论主题的看法）。英语六级考试写作技巧
二。阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
1、 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。
2、 分析并举例使其更充实。
the good old proverb ________（名言或谚语）reminds us that ________（释义）。 indeed, we can learn many things form it.
first of all,________（理由一）。 for example, ____________（举例说明）。 secondly,________（理由二）。 another case is that ________（举例说明）。 furthermore ， ____________（理由三）。英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分
in my opinion, ________（我的观点）。 in short, whatever you do, please remember the say____a. if you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
三。解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1、 问题现状英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分
2、 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）
in recent days, we have to face i problem——a, which is becoming more and more serious. first, ________（说明a的现状）。second, ________（举例进一步说明现状） confronted with a, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. for one thing, ________（解决方法一）。 for another ________（解决方法二）。 finally, ________（解决方法三）。
personally, i believe that ________（我的解决方法）。 consequently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________（带来的好处）。
四。说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
1、 说明事物现状
2、 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
3、 你对现状（或前景）的看法
nowadays many people prefer a because it has a significant role in our daily life. generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. first ________（a的优点之一）。 besides ____________（a的优点之二）。
but every coin has two sides. the negative aspects are also apparent. one of the important disadvantages is that ________（a的第一个缺点）。to make matters worse,____________（a的第二个缺点）。
through the above analysis, i believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. therefore, i would like to ________（我的看法）。
(from the comparison between these positive and negative effects of a, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. only by this way, ________（对前景的预测）。
五。议论文的框架
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
there is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. but it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. a majority of people think that _ 观点一________. in their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, rmore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. so it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. in their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. on the other hand, ____原因二_____. therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
as far as i am concerned, i firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. it is not only because ________, but also because _________. the more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. in fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. firstly, ___优点一______. and secondly ___优点二_____.
just as a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. to begin with, ___缺点一______. in addition, ____ 缺点二______.
to sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. in that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ 。it is really an important concern to every one of us. as a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分
as we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. first of all, __途径一______. in addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. but as far as i am concerned, i would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
it is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. it means ____谚语的含义_______. the saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
a case in point is ___例子一______. therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
with the rapid development of science and technology in china, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
有关四级范文摘抄简短二
首先要抓好专业课。抓住了专业课就等于抓住了基本功。
把舞会，约会，网会变成阅读，听力，翻译，您会发现你的到的更多。
翻译需要深厚的汉语功底，所以请您英汉并重，千万别忽略了汉语素养的提高。但是时间总是有限的，我建议您多看些大书虫之类英汉对照的书籍，最好是外研社出版的，译文质量高些。难的资料可以粗读，刚开始可以先读汉语后读英语，比如鲁迅的作品。简单一些的可以英汉对照互译，边阅读边在心里翻译，比如海明威的一些作品。
打好了坚实的基础还要花些时间来做些翻译联系，选择些短小精炼的散文中英文对照书籍，译文质量很高的还可以背诵一些。这些联系最好放在开翻译课的那一年来进行，边学翻译理论，边做练习。注意练习要在题材上覆盖一定的面。
同时，多注意时文，报刊，杂志，准备个本子，多记录写平时遇到的经典表达的英汉互译。还有翻译也有很多门类，比如科技英语，法律英语等，各不相同，你可以根据自己兴趣选择一个偏向，以便将来考研
多看看关于翻译理论方面的书。
要当翻译最好去考个人事部二级翻译执业资格证(三级要求低了点，当然你可考虑先考三级)。
此考试对专业、年龄、学历没有限制，是一项准入制相当宽的考试。
三级翻译水平适合非英语专业的六级过了的考生或英语专业大专水平的人去考，而二级则是英语专业本科或研究生水平的人可考。
一个合格的翻译需要有较高的中外文造诣和丰富的翻译经验(50万字以上)，并应不间断地进行翻译练习，这样才能保持较高的翻译水准。以英语为例，并不是大学英语考过6级或8级就可以做翻译，大学英语6-8级只要求6000左右单词的词汇量。这对于读懂稍有难度的稿件是不够的。更重要的是，应试的英语考试与实际的翻译需求之间存在者很大的差别。
1.表达能力
对于自己能够理解的内容，应能够流畅地表达出来，即良好的中外文文字表达能力。最简单的检验自己表达能力的方式是看自己用母语的写作水平。如果用母语写作时文章的组织、语法、句法、词汇等方面有问题，那么在翻译的过程种，无疑也会出现这些问题。文字的表达能力差，是无法作一个合格的翻译的。如希望作合格的翻译，首先需要练习自己的表达能力。这是一个漫长的过程。勤思考勤练习是不可缺少的。
2.理解能力
理解能力指的是翻译时，对原文的理解和把握。理解能力包括两个方面：文字理解能力和专业理解能力。文字理解指的是对原文(以英文为例)的理解。这种理解需要能够准确地把握在上下文环境中，一句话的确切含义。能很好地理解原文是一名合格的翻译所不可或缺的能力。能够很好地理解原文，不仅需要较强的阅读能力，还需要了解其相关的背景知识。对于专业性稿件尤其如此。专业的稿件中，专业性的词汇和表达较多，如果缺少相关专业知识，就无法很好地理解原文，更不用谈准确地翻译了。
翻译过程中，需要涉及较多的东西。翻译实际是一种再创作的过程。翻译水平的提高是一个坚苦的过程。只有通过不断的练习和学习，才能不断使翻译能力得到提高，并成为一名合格的翻译。
大学一年级语音模仿和纠音，掌握朗读技巧，掌握基本的节奏感和语调感。语法牢固掌握并能综合运用中学语法知识。词汇掌握词汇4500个，词组700个，熟练运用(包括书面和口头)其中20__个基本词汇。听力能听懂voa慢速英语广播;能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材的英语讲座。口语能和英语国家人士进行简单的交谈;能就熟悉的话题用英语进行讨论，或作简短发言，表达比较清楚;能就所听的材料进行复述。阅读能读懂词汇量在2500—3000左右的简易读物;能读懂国内英文报刊。写作能就一般性话题在半小时内写出120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯;能掌握基本的写作技能。翻译能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译，英汉译速为每小时300个英语单词，汉英译速为每小时250个汉字。译文基本流畅。
大学二年级大学二年级语音语音正确，语调得体。语法掌握系统的基本英语语法。词汇掌握词汇5500个，词组1200个，熟练运用(包括书面和口头)其中2200个基本词汇。听力能听懂国内英语广播或电视节目;能基本听懂英语国家人士的谈话;能基本听懂外国专家用英语讲授的专业课程。口语能和英语国家人士进行比较流利的会话;能基本表达个人意见、情感、观点等，能基本陈述事实、事件、理由等，表达思想清楚。阅读能读懂难度相当于readersdigest(《读者文摘》)的英语国家报刊杂志的一般性文章;能阅读所学专业的综述性文献。写作能就一般性话题在半小时内写出160词的短文，内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺;能写所学专业论文的英文摘要，能撰写英语小论文;能描述各种图表。翻译能借助词典翻译英语国家报刊上题材熟悉的文章，能摘译所学专业的英语科普文章。英汉译速为每小时350个英语单词，汉英译速为每小时300个汉字。译文流畅，无重大理解和语言错误。
大学三年级大学三年级词汇掌握词汇6500个，词组1700个，熟练运用(包括书面和口头)其中2500个基本词汇。听力能基本听懂voa和bbc的一般新闻报道;能听懂内容稍长、结构较复杂的对话和短文;能听懂所学专业的英文讲座。口语能和英语国家人士就一般或专业性话题较为流利、准确地进行对话或讨论，语音自然，语言基本正确。阅读能读懂time(《时代周刊》)，newsweek(《新闻周刊》)等杂志上的新闻报道及相同难度的文章;能读懂英语原版教材;能比较顺利地阅读所学专业的综述性文献。写作能在半小时内写出200词的说明文或议论文，内容完整，文理通顺，思想表达清楚;能写所学专业的简短的英文报告和论文。翻译能借助词典翻译英语国家报刊上有一定难度的文章，能翻译反映中国国情或文化的介绍性文章。英汉译速为每小时400个英语单词，汉英译速为每小时350个汉字。译文准确流畅，基本无误译现象。大学四年级听力能听懂voa或bbc的记者现场报道。口语能就我国的大政方针、国内外重大问题与外宾进行正确流畅的交流，语音自然，语言正确。阅读能读懂time(《时代周刊》,newsweek《新闻周刊》)等杂志的社论和书评，vanity fair(《名利场》), the catcher in therye(《麦田里的守望者》)等小说及相同难度的文章。写作能写内容充实、具有一定广度与深度的说明文、议论文和课程论文。语言正确，文体恰当。快速写作每小时240-300词。翻译英译汉，汉译英，在三年级基础上，在难度和速度上适当提高。
1看英文电影,收看英语电视节目,听英文歌曲和在某些特定场景学习英语也是很棒和很生动的英语学习方式,因为这样我们可以把所学英语与某些特定的场景联系起来以加深记忆.
2请不要孤立地背英语单词.请背记包含生词的句子或词组,这样我们才真正能运用这些词汇,而且印象更深.
3优秀的性格也是英语学习的关键因素之一,坚持,忍耐,自信和坚定都是很重要的.当然如果兴趣培养得好, 可适当削弱这方面的要求
4努力寻找学伴一起练习口语.英语角是个不错的地方,在那我们不但可以练习口语,还可以交流英语学习经验,开拓视野,提高英语学习兴趣.
5如果找不到学伴或参加英语角的机会很少,那么就需要通过自己对自己将英语来创造英语环境.比如对自己描述所看到的景物,英语口述自己正在作的事情.
6特别注意短语(词组)和小词的运用,中国式的英语尤其是口语一个很大的缺点就是中国学生喜欢用大词,而真正地道的英语口语确是充满着短小,活泼,生动的短语,富有生气.而这些短语大部分有小词构成.
第一要诀：从电视、电影、新闻中学习英语
看英文电视、电影不仅能了解西方人的文化和生活，而且也是学习地道英语和提高英语听力的好机会。选取的影片最好是以现代生活为背景的文艺片或喜剧片。如果您的听力不错，要养成不看字幕的习惯。程度稍差的就不要勉强自己，否则英语没学成反倒破坏了欣赏电影的好心情。这种情况下，您可以先看字幕了解剧情(如果是电视节目那就要先录下来)，再重新看一至数遍，您的听力就可在轻松的心情下，随着您对剧情了解的增多而迅速提高。如果找原版电影有困难，可以试着听英语新闻，同样会起到很好的效果。
第二要诀：善用录音带锻炼听说能力
有些学习者总是习惯于一边看书一边听磁带，把磁带当成阅读的辅助工具，这样达不到锻炼听力的目的。录音带应该是以听说能力的训练为主。学习者要选用与自己能力相适应的听力磁带，不要急于求成，以免产生受挫心理。先反复聆听磁带内容，起先只要抓住梗概，多听几次后，对细节的了解便越来越多。听力较差的人，可先阅读课文，然后再集中精力领会每段每句的意思。这样练习有助于培养倾听时注意力的集中，使您的听力迅速进步。
第三要诀：练习朗读，好处多多
英语学习者往往对朗读不太重视。事实上朗读的妙用大矣!1.锻炼英语的发音，语调与节奏;2.使口腔各发音部位灵活，增进说英语时的流利程度;3.使耳朵增加听英语的机会，从而提高英语听力;4.充分应用读书四到：眼到，口到，耳到，心到——比默读时更能记住所读的教材。我们也可以说朗读是会话的基本练习，没有朗读习惯的人是很难学成会话的。
第四要诀：查字典之前，要猜猜看
学习一种语言一定要查字典，但一定要讲究方法。在这里先说两件事：第一：不要盲目的查;第二：不要查的太快;换句话说，在查字典以前要先想一想，甚至猜一猜。
很多学习英语的人，在文章中一看到生词抓起字典就查，结果往往是每个生词都查过了，却看不懂整句或整段的意思。假如在查字典以前，先根据上下文的意思猜猜看，再翻开字典，就不会感到无所适从了。应该先结合上下文，前后句，整个段落来推敲它的意思，再查字典证实一下，有时甚至用不着查字典意思就清楚了。这种查字典的方法还有一个好处，由于先经过猜，想的过程，对于这个生词有了观察和分析，印象已很深刻，查字典之后就很容易就记住这个词了。
第五要诀：作个吹毛求疵的人
为了自己学好英文，有时甚至是为了帮助别人学好英文，不得不做个吹毛求疵的人。在路旁的广告牌上，在日用品的说明书上，在出版商的广告传单上，只要是用英文书写的都可以留意一下，看能不能挑出错误。这样做有助于训练您细心和精确的习惯。碰到有疑问的地方不妨抄录下来，和老师，朋友讨论一番。当然如果能使出错的人改正了错误，则是额外的收获了。
第六要诀：不必对自己苛求完美
追求完美，本是值得嘉许的。学习英语的人总是希望自己能够达到正确无误的地步。但就学习英语的过程来讲，应该把“完美”当作一个将来追求的目标，而不必让它成为套在自己头上的枷锁。
自己练习时，虽然要尽可能作到正确无误，但也要容忍自己和别人犯错误。有些学生抱怨说，他们的老师因为求好心切，他们一开口练习就被纠正的体无完肤让他们越学越没信心。对自己或别人矫枉过正可能反而会产生反效果的，语言的学习尤其如此，因为语言的表达能力受心理的影响很大。请记得：“everylearner is entitled to make mistakes.”学习的人都有犯错误的权利。
第七要诀：坚定信念，持之以恒!
我觉得以上是很生活化，实用化的学习方法。你当然也可以发挥创意，另做尝试，找到适合自己的学习方法。学习语言是一种艺术，也是一种不断自我超越的过程，在任何一点上都能起步，在任何一点上都能突破。只要您抱着热忱，毅力和尝试的勇气，再加上良好教材的指引，必定会有成功的一天!
读英语书的技巧：
1、有所选择地去读好书，不读炒作书或所谓的畅销书;理由：回顾过去，你会发现一些所谓的畅销书已经在今天销声匿迹了。
2、多读中英文对照的中外名著，有助于突破文化理念;
理由：读纯英文版本的书可能会让你不知所云，因为你就不是美国人。
3、精读和研究优秀的外国演讲名家或总统竞选的文章;理由：读书的目的在于吸取人物事件背后的思想精华，引起你的思考。
4、读好书后及时写出一篇随意思考的读后感修改保存;理由：创作的灵感只会留在一瞬间，稍纵即逝，写作可以让你更聪明
一、持之以恒
开始自学英语至今，可以说我从未间断过一天。我每天早起晚睡，加上工作间隙的零星时间，保证了平均每天6小时的英语学习。我走到哪里，就把英语书带到哪里，出差、生病、节假日也从未间断过，抽空就背几个单词，较整的时间就读一篇短文。
二、以句子为中心学习
句子是语言学习的中心环节，它下由字词构成，向上构成段落、篇章。我从一开始学习英语就十分重视句子的学习，对所读文章中的每一个句子都进行认真的语法分析。有些十分复杂的句子我自己不会，就去请教别人。我把这些不懂的句子抄在小本子上随身带着，凡遇到英语高手，我总是随时拜师，有时要问十几个人，直到满意为止。正是在这方面下了功夫，才使我的英语语法打下了牢固的基础。后来研究生学习期间，英语老师让我们分析句子时，我能熟练地剖析长达一百多词的多重复句，连英语老师和英语专业的研究生都感到惊奇。通过句子学习而大大受益的另一方面是牢固地掌握了必备的词汇。凡成年英语自学者都有这样的体会，花大量时间背词汇表却收效甚微，或即使一时记了一些单词，过一段时间又忘记了。但通过句子学习单词却可大大弥补这个缺憾。因为只有把单词放在具体的语言环境中才能辨别它的意义和用法，同时记忆也更加深刻。同时，要做大量的练习题，考试是对所学知识的综合运用，所以即使通过艰苦学习掌握了牢固的知识，但不经过针对性的训练仍无法有效地应试。我之所以认识到这一点，因为我拿一些考试题请教英语专业老师时，他们往往不能解答。我在考研前曾做过十几本模拟试题，考博前更做了二十几本，同时搜集了招生学校近几年的试题进行实弹练习，结果都收到了较好的效果。
三、步退式套迭循环
学习语言最大的任务是记忆，面对记忆力减退的成年人而言，唯一的方法是大量的循环。当然，循环不是简单地机械性重复，除了不断总结，逐步击破难点巩固重点外，选择循环的周期和方式十分重要。我在学习时采用的是步退式多重循环。根据心理学的艾宾浩斯遗忘规律，人们对刚学习的知识遗忘最快，然后遗忘速度趋缓。为此，我特别注意巩固刚学过的知识。我的循环是以五课为一组，即每次学习新课前先把该课之前刚学的四课快速复习一遍。这样每学一课前面放弃一课，总保持着复习最新的课文，这是循环的第一层次。第二层次是学完一个单元后，立即把该单元内容复习一遍，顺序是从后向前的倒行式，因为后面是刚学的，遗忘最快。第三层次和第四层次分别是以一册书和全套书为单元的步退式复习。这样大循环中套小循环，不断地复习，使得相关知识不断地被强化、巩固，同时加强了各部分知识的联系。
四、敢于运用
英语的最直接运用是说和写，而这对自学者尤其困难。主要表现一是缺机会，二是怕难为情，而要克服这个困难只需一点，那就是勇气。因为有了勇气，就不怕难为情，从而创造和寻找更多的机会进行练习。这样做下来，你会不断地有“还不坏”的感觉，从而增强自信心。有一件事给我很深的印象。__年，在导师的鼓励下，我向《国际自然灾害》杂志投了一篇稿子。在这之前，我一直信心不足，学术水平不说，主要靠自学的英语拿出去会不会让外国人笑掉大牙?但最终我还是迈出了这艰难的第一步。当然，我做了充分地准备，我把文章修改了多次，又请英语专业的研究生逐句梳理了一遍。稿件寄出后很快有了回音，当然需要修改，既有内容上的也有语言上的，但这对我而言已是最好的消息了。我怀着虔诚的心按审稿人的意见认真修改。让我感动的是编辑又连续两次审读修改稿并反馈意见，这样经过三次修改后，文章终于被采用。通过这件事，我体会到，别人并不会笑话我们，恰恰相反，很多时候他们会很主动热情地帮助我们。
说英语也是这样，没有哪个有知识有修养的人会笑话学英语的人说错话。正向许多“老外”说汉语时把“五号”说成“号五”，我们除了觉得很有趣，很滑稽外，当然不会笑话他们。我的英语口语是一个相对薄弱环节，以前也常信心不足。但今年的博士考试面试时，我放下包袱说开去，结果竟意想不到受到主考老师的好评，我又一次体会到了“还不坏”。
总之，根据自己的切身体会，我觉得英语作为一种交往工具虽然由于其应用性很强，在系统的组织和老师的指导下，学习起来会更加有效，但如果因地因人因目标确定恰当的学习方法，自学也能成功。
一.相信自己是一只雄鹰
一个人在高山之巅的鹰巢里，抓到了一只幼鹰，他把幼鹰带回家，养在鸡笼里。这只幼鹰和鸡一起啄食、嬉闹和休息。它以为自己是一只鸡。这只鹰渐渐长大，羽翼丰满了，主人想把它训练成猎鹰，可是由于终日和鸡混在一起，它已经变得和鸡完全一样，根本没有飞的愿望了。主人试了各种办法，都毫无效果，最后把它带到山顶上，一把将它扔了出去。这只鹰像块石头似的，直掉下去，慌乱之中它拼命地扑打翅膀，就这样，它终于飞了起来!秘诀1：磨练召唤成功的力量。
二.五枚金币
有个叫阿巴格的人生活在内蒙古草原上。有一次，年少的阿巴格和他爸爸在草原上迷了路，阿巴格又累又怕，到最后快走不动了。爸爸就从兜里掏出5枚硬币，把一枚硬币埋在草地里，把其余4枚放在阿巴格的手上，说：“人生有5枚金币，童年、少年、青年、中年、老年各有一枚，你现在才用了一枚，就是埋在草地里的那一枚，你不能把5枚都扔在草原里，你要一点点地用，每一次都用出不同来，这样才不枉人生一世。今天我们一定要走出草原，你将来也一定要走出草原。世界很大，人活着，就要多走些地方，多看看，不要让你的金币没有用就扔掉。”在父亲的鼓励下，那天阿巴格走出了草原。长大后，阿巴格离开了家乡，成了一名优秀的船长。秘诀2：珍惜生命，就能走出挫折的沼泽地。
三.扫阳光
有兄弟二人，年龄不过四、五岁，由于卧室的窗户整天都是密闭着，他们认为屋内太阴暗，看见外面灿烂的阳光，觉得十分羡慕。兄弟俩就商量说：“我们可以一起把外面的阳光扫一点进来。”于是，兄弟两人拿着扫帚和畚箕，到阳台上去扫阳光。等到他们把畚箕搬到房间里的时候，里面的阳光就没有了。这样一而再再而三地扫了许多次，屋内还是一点阳光都没有。正在厨房忙碌的妈妈看见他们奇怪的举动，问道：“你们在做什么?”他们回答说：“房间太暗了，我们要扫点阳光进来。妈妈笑道：“只要把窗户打开，阳光自然会进来，何必去扫呢?”秘诀3：把封闭的心门敞开，成功的阳光就能驱散失败的阴暗。
四.一只蜘蛛和三个人
雨后，一只蜘蛛艰难地向墙上已经支离破碎的网爬去，由于墙壁潮湿，它爬到一定的高度，就会掉下来，它一次次地向上爬，一次次地又掉下来……第一个人看到了，他叹了一口气，自言自语：“我的一生不正如这只蜘蛛吗?忙忙碌碌而无所得。”于是，他日渐消沉。第二个人看到了，他说：这只蜘蛛真愚蠢，为什么不从旁边干燥的地方绕一下爬上去?我以后可不能像它那样愚蠢。于是，他变得聪明起来。第三个人看到了，他立刻被蜘蛛屡败屡战的精神感动了。于是，他变得坚强起来。 秘诀4：有成功心态者处处都能发觉成功的力量。
五.自己救自己
某人在屋檐下躲雨，看见观音正撑伞走过。这人说：“观音菩萨，普度一下众生吧，带我一段如何?”观音说：“我在雨里，你在檐下，而檐下无雨，你不需要我度。”这人立刻跳出檐下，站在雨中：“现在我也在雨中了，该度我了吧?”观音说：“你在雨中，我也在雨中，我不被淋，因为有伞;你被雨淋，因为无伞。所以不是我度自己，而是伞度我。你要想度，不必找我，请自找伞去!”说完便走了。第二天，这人遇到了难事，便去寺庙里求观音。走进庙里，才发现观音的像前也有一个人在拜，那个人长得和观音一模一样，丝毫不差。 这人问：“你是观音吗?”那人答道：“我正是观音。” 这人又问：“那你为何还拜自己?” 观音笑道：“我也遇到了难事，但我知道，求人不如求己。” 秘诀5：成功者自救。
六.让失去变得可爱
一个老人在高速行驶的火车上，不小心把刚买的新鞋从窗口掉了一只，周围的人倍感惋惜，不料老人立即把第二只鞋也从窗口扔了下去。这举动更让人大吃一惊。老人解释说：“这一只鞋无论多么昂贵，对我而言已经没有用了，如果有谁能捡到一双鞋子，说不定他还能穿呢!”秘诀6：成功者善于放弃，善于从损失中看到价值。
七.请不要开错窗
一个小女孩趴在窗台上，看窗外的人正埋葬她心爱的小狗，不禁泪流满面，悲恸不已。她的外祖父见状，连忙引她到另一个窗口，让她欣赏他的玫瑰花园。果然小女孩的心情顿时明朗。老人托起外孙女的下巴说：“孩子，你开错了窗户。”秘诀7：打开失败旁边的窗户，也许你就看到了希望。
八.人生的秘诀
__年前，一个年轻人离开故乡，开始创造自己的前途。他动身的第一站，是去拜访本族的族长，请求指点。老族长正在练字，他听说本族有位后辈开始踏上人生的旅途，就写了3个字：不要怕。然后抬起头来，望着年轻人说：“孩子，人生的秘诀只有6个字，今天先告诉你3个，供你半生受用。”30年后，这个从前的年轻人已是人到中年，有了一些成就，也添了很多伤心事。归程漫漫，到了家乡，他又去拜访那位族长。他到了族长家里，才知道老人家几年前已经去世，家人取出一个密封的信封对他说：“这是族长生前留给你的，他说有一天你会再来。”还乡的游子这才想起来，30年前他在这里听到人生的一半秘诀，拆开信封，里面赫然又是3个大字：不要悔。秘诀8：中年以前不要怕，中年以后不要悔。
九.司机考试
某大公司准备以高薪雇用一名小车司机，经过层层筛选和考试之后，只剩下三名技术最优良的竞争者。主考者问他们：“悬崖边有块金子，你们开着车去拿，觉得能距离悬崖多近而又不至于掉落呢?”“二公尺。”第一位说。 “半公尺。”第二位很有把握地说。 “我会尽量远离悬崖，愈远愈好。”第三位说。 结果这家公司录取了第三位。秘诀9：不要和诱惑较劲，而应离得越远越好。
十.狮子和羚羊的家教
每天，当太阳升起来的时候，非洲大草原上的动物们就开始奔跑了。狮子妈妈在教育自己的孩子：“孩子，你必须跑得再快一点，再快一点，你要是跑不过最慢的羚羊，你就会活活地饿死。”在另外一个场地上，羚羊妈妈也在教育自己的孩子：“孩子，你必须跑得再快一点，再快一点，如果你不能比跑得最快的狮子还要快，那你就肯定会被他们吃掉。”秘诀10：记住你跑得快，别人跑得更快
词汇篇
大学英语词汇的学习大致可以分为三个重要阶段：即四级，六级，六级后阶段。
四级词汇是4200个，六级词汇在此基础上增加1300个，六级后再加1000个。这样整个大学英语的词汇量是6500个。最新调整的考研英语大纲，词汇量从以前的5300个调整至5500个，并且大纲中去掉了汉语释义，要求考生全面把握单词的各种含义。开始的时候，一天记忆30-50个单词比较符合记忆习惯。充分利用各种可利用的时间反复记忆，才能真正记住。
听力篇
根据《大学英语教学大纲》的要求，大学英语四级考试听力部分的语速是每分钟130-150个单词，六级考试的语速达每分钟160-180个单词。大纲对于语速的要求提高了，并且语音也开始丰富。
提高听力应该从以下几方面着手
1.严把语音
2.扩大听力的词汇量，熟悉英文的惯用表达
在背单词的时候，一定要注意对单词发音的掌握。最好找一本有录音磁带的单词书。这种记忆方法不仅可以通过听音帮助记忆，也可以给听力打下良好的基础。
3.熟悉场景
跟单词的记忆一样,听力也应该放在不同的场景中练习，熟悉不同场景的各种表达方式。输入和输出是相辅相成的。例如旅馆场景，电话场景，餐馆场景，机场场景等。
4.精听与泛听相结合
精听是基础。所谓精听是指力求把录音材料上的内容完全听透彻。可以采取以下几个
步骤：首先听其大意。第一遍时把握主旨大意即可。第二遍要逐句听，把每句话听透。尽量不要参考录音文字材料。第三遍时在精听的基础上，将听过的信息全部写下来。这样就可以查缺补漏，真正找到自己听力的薄弱环节。
泛听是保障。泛听时选取合适的材料很重要。初级水平时可以听《新概念》第二册，英语九百句等。中级水平是可以选择《新概念》第三册，走遍美国。也可以听中国国际广播电台的英语新闻或者voa的慢速英语新闻。高级水平时可以听电影原声录音。
阅读篇
大学英语四级考试的阅读理解部分共有四篇短文，每篇文章的长度大约在230—280词之间，每篇文章5道题，要求在35分钟内完成。六级阅读与四级阅读的考试模式一样，但是文章长度和难度均有所增加。
提高阅读水平建议从以下几点进行突破：
1.精读为主，多背诵经典篇章。
选一本经典教材，比如《新概念》,坚持进行精读训练。精读可以从以下几点进行：首先放在语境中体会单词，词组的用法。并且记住一些重要的单词和词组。然后体会句子的结构，句式的安排，句与句之间的衔接。并且尝试翻译其中的一些句子，对经典句子进行复述和背诵。最后对一些经典的文章应该背诵。文章背多了，英文的感悟力就会不断提高。
2.进行泛读，扩大阅读量
泛读贵在坚持。每个星期坚持读一份英文报纸，每个月坚持读一本英文杂志。坚持下来就是量变到质变的过程了。泛读时应该涉猎各种类型的文章，可以先从自己熟悉话题，自己感兴趣的话题开始。泛读时主要体会文章的主要意思，不要总是局限在个别词或者词组的层面上。
3.熟悉英美文化背景
影响阅读速度的因素除了单词量，词组，句法结构以外还有背景知识。在大学一，二年级时可以读一些简介英美国家知识的读物，熟悉英语国家的政治，经济，教育，文化等方面的知识，对于理解语言本身一定大有裨益。因为语言与文化是不能割裂开的。而且通过文化的角度去体会英文，一定会发现语言的学习不是枯燥的单调记忆过程，而是在心中有一扇崭新的窗户被打开的过程了。
最后，英语的学习是一个长期坚持的过程，日积月累就一定能取得好的效果。给自己的大学英语学习制定一个长期的计划，一步一个脚印踏踏实实走过来，一定能够体会到英文语言的巨大魅力。
__种方法非常有效且很容易坚持---口译汉英对照(或英汉对照)的小说或其它读物.首先我们先读汉语部分,然后逐句直接口译成英文,完成一小段后,去看书上的对应英文部分并与我们的口译进行比较,我们马上可以发现我们口译的错误,缺点和进步.请注意:开始要选择较简单的读物,且应大量做,只做一两篇效果是不明显的.开始可能较慢,费时较多,但请坚持,整体上这是一个加速的过程.高级阶段请计时练习,以加快反应速度和口语流利度.
__为成人学英语,记忆力差是个拦路虎,作复述练习或背诵课文往往力不从心,或者由于词汇量太小觉得直接作口译太难,那么这样做可以非常有效地解决这个问题:：先学习英文课文,通篇理解透彻后,再来看汉语译文,把汉语译文口译回英文. 这样等于既作复述练习又作口译(语)练习,可谓一石双鸟!
__样作的好处:
1.自己就可以练习口语,想练多久,就练多久.
2.始终有一位高级教师指出您的不足和错误---英文原文.
3.题材范围极广,可以突破我们自己的思维禁锢,比如我们总是喜欢谈论我们自己熟悉的话题,所以我们总是在练习相同的语言,进步当然就缓慢了.
4.选择小说,幽默故事或好的短文阅读,使我们有足够的兴趣坚持下去.
5.有一些我们在直接学习英语课文时被我们熟视无睹的地道的英语用法会被此法发掘出来.
6.对所学知识和所犯错误印象深刻.这等于我们一直在作汉译英练习,很多英文译文是我们费尽心思憋出来的,所以印象相当深刻.比直接学习英文课文印象要深的多.
7.经过大量的练习,你会有这样的感觉:没有什么东西你不能翻译,你的翻译水平大大加强了,你的口语表达力大大提高了!
听译法-角色互换:三人一组,模拟翻译实战.一人将汉语,一人将英语,扮演老外,一人作翻译.练习一段时间后互换角色.这是一种非常好的翻译训练方法,也是很好的相互学习,取长补短的方法.而且可大大提高反应速度和能力.此法的高级阶段为同声传译,我们可以在听广播或看电视或开会时,把所听内容口译英文.
口语作文和3分钟训练法:此法适用于强化训练.找好一个题目作一分钟的口语作文,同时将其录音.听录音,找出不足和错误,就此题目再作两分钟的的口语作文,同样录音,再听并找出不足与进步,继续作三分钟口语作文.这是高级口语训练,效果不俗.
复述练习:最简单也是最有效的口语学习方法.从治本上攻克英文的方法,特别适合初学者和中级学者,用自己的话背颂所听的英语故事或文章短文,应该大量地练习.
读英文绕口令(就象相声演员练嘴),还可以同时口中含块糖以加大强化训练的力度.这样来强我们的口腔肌肉迅速适应英文发音,使我们的口语相当流利,清晰,而且还有自信.
别注意短语(词组)和小词的运用,中国式的英语尤其是口语一个很大的缺点就是中国学生喜欢用大词,而真正地道的英语口语确是充满着短小,活泼,生动的短语,富有生气.而这些短语大部分有小词构成.(10) thinking in english.英语思维的培养。 1. 大量根据图片来了解生词的含义,故事的情节.这是少儿英语中常用的方法,也试用于成人.2. 习惯于使用英-英字典而不是英-汉字典会起相当重要的作用. 3. 加强听力训练,尤其是听用英语解释英语的课程讲解. 4.如果没有机会拥有封闭的语言环境的话,就最好尝试一下自我封闭语言环境的创造与训练.如:强迫自己在一周内所有要表达的话,全部用英语表达.只要你能坚持一周,效果就相当明显,而无论你所表达的英语有多糟
学习英语，最好是制定学习计划，持之以恒地学习英语。主要是练习听力、阅读和作文了，词汇是需要长时间积累的，每天记些单词，读几篇文章，做5篇左右的阅读理解，听半小时的听力，一周写两篇英语作文。平时多听听英语广播，这样坚持几个月你的英语水平就会提高的。
建议可以复习下英语的语法，了解各个单词/词类的用法
我们在此提出：大一是扎实英语知识的最佳时期，立即行动是明智的选择!
建议：为大学四级英语考试做好准备，同时利用这段时间补习弱项，巩固基础。
推荐课程：大学英语四级培训基础培训、新概念第二册/第三册、toefl培训、ielts培训。
友情提示：无论你四年后是就职、考研还是出国，大学阶段的gpa(平均学分绩点)都尤为重要。所以，请务必重视专业课考试。
大学二年级——成长期
开始对毕业后的生活有初步规划，有针对性的加以训练。
建议：不要到了大四再喊“空悲切，白了少年头”，所以除了成绩你还需要一箩筐的奖励、社团工作、实习、兼职、还有爱情。
推荐课程：大学英语四级强化、新概念第三册/四册、听说速成、gre培训。
友情提示：决心在四年后飞向美利坚的同学应当在第二学期备好“红宝书”开始与“贾姨”的第一次亲密接触。
大学三年级——转折期
厌倦了校园那一成不变的教学楼，再也没有拉着高中同学满校园转的热情，开始怀念起步时为了理想的铮铮执着。
建议：把所有的想法付诸实施，重要的不是做出决策而是行动。
推荐课程：大学英语六级强化、考研英语辅导、新概念第三册/四册、gre培训、听说速成。
友情提示：gre考试在前，toefl考试在后的顺序更为合理。
大学四年级——冲刺期
考研的在备战，出国的在申请，留守的也都是脚步匆匆。要求职的同学开始感叹就业行情今不如前，书面的外语水平让张口成了够呛的尴尬。
建议：提高证书含金量。
推荐课程：听说速成、toefl培训、ielts培训、bec2/3
友情提示：不管你是向左转还是向右转，坚持走自己的路。
有关四级范文摘抄简短三
1、对立观点式
a.有人认为x是好事，赞成x，为什么？
b.有人认为x是坏事，反对x，为什么？
c.我的看法。
some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that支持x的第一个原因。they also argue that支持x的。另一个原因。
however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that反对x的第一个理由。an example can give the details of this argument:一个例子。
there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x的有一个坏处。
a.一个错误观点。
b.我不同意。
many people argue that错误观点。by saying that, they mean对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that一个例子。（according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
there might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. but if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief. （以下参照辩论文的议论文写法）。
a.一个社会问题或者现象。
b.产生的原因
c.对社会和我们生活的影响
d.如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
e.前景的预测。
nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public)。 according to a survey,调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。
there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will ……。.
1、关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
there are different opinions among people as to ____ 。some people suggest that ____.
2、俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
there is an old saying______. it"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3、现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. first, ____ second,____. what makes things worse is that______.
4、现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
nowadays，it is common to ______. many people like ______ because ______. besides，______.
5、任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6、关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. some people say that them,_____.
7、人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8、 ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9、 ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10、根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
according to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. obviously，______，but why?
有关四级范文摘抄简短四
directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
part ii listening comprehension (30 minutes)
directions: in this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. at the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)， and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1、 a) see a doctor about her strained shoulder.
b) use a ladder to help her reach the tea.
c) replace the cupboard with a new one.
d) place the tea on a lower shelf next time.
2、 a) at mary johnson’s. c) in an exhibition hall.
b) at a painter’s studio. d) outside an art gallery.
3、 a) the teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.
b) she does not quite agree with what the man said.
c) the man had better talk with the students himself.
d) new students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.
4、 a) he helped doris build up the furniture.
b) doris helped him arrange the furniture.
c) doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.
d) he was good at assembling bookshelves.
5、 a) he doesn’t get on with the others. c) he has been taken for a fool.
b) he doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. d) he has found a better position.
6、 a) they should finish the work as soon as possible.
b) he will continue to work in the garden himself.
c) he is tired of doing gardening on weekends.
d) they can hire a gardener to do the work.
7、 a) the man has to get rid of the used furniture.
b) the man’s apartment is ready for rent.
c) the furniture is covered with lots of dust.
d) the furniture the man bought is inexpensive.
8、 a) the man will give the mechanic a call.
b) the woman is waiting for a call.
c) the woman is doing some repairs.
d) the man knows the mechanic very well.
questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9、 a) she had a job interview to attend.
b) she was busy finishing her project.
c) she had to attend an important meeting.
d) she was in the middle of writing an essay.
10、 a) accompany her roommate to the classroom.
b) hand in her roommate’s application form.
c) submit her roommate’s assignment.
d) help her roommate with her report.
11、 a) where dr. ellis’s office is located.c) directions to the classroom building.
b) when dr. ellis leaves his office.d) dr. ellis’s schedule for the afternoon.
questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12、 a) he finds it rather stressful. c) he can handle it quite well.
b) he is thinking of quitting it.d) he has to work extra hours.
13、 a) the 6:00 one.c) the 7:00 one.
b) the 6:30 one.d) the 7:30 one.
14、 a) it is an awful waste of time.
b) he finds it rather unbearable.
c) the time on the train is enjoyable.
d) it is something difficult to get used to.
15、 a) reading newspapers.c) listening to the daily news.
b) chatting with friends.d) planning the day’s work.
directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
16、 a) ignore small details while reading.
b) read at least several chapters at one sitting.
c) develop a habit of reading critically.
d) get key information by reading just once or twice.
17、 a) choose one’s own system of marking.
b) underline the key words and phrases.
c) make as few marks as possible.
d) highlight details in a red color.
18、 a) by reading the textbooks carefully again.
b) by reviewing only the marked parts.
c) by focusing on the notes in the margins.
d) by comparing notes with their classmates.
questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19、 a) the sleep a person needs varies from day to day.
b) the amount of sleep for each person is similar.
c) one can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.
d) everybody needs some sleep for survival.
20、 a) it is a made-up story.c) it is a rare exception.
b) it is beyond cure.d) it is due to an accident.
21、 a) his extraordinary physical condition.
b) his mother’s injury just before his birth.
c) the unique surroundings of his living place.
d) the rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.
questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22、 a) she invested in stocks and shares on wall street.
b) she learned to write for financial newspapers.
c) she developed a >
direction: in the section, you will hear a passage three times. when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are (26)______ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. for example, a colombian who wants someone to (27)______ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly (28)_______. speakers or english have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the (29)______ of the colombian gesture. again, in colombian, a speaker of english would have to know that when he (30)________ height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is (31)_______ a human being or an animal. if he keeps the palm of the hand (32)_________ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in colombia this gesture is (33)_________ for the description of animals. in order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand (34)_________ to the floor. substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also (35)________ moment. in both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.
directions: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. however, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. we are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. the warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while siberia and northern canada may become more habitable （宜居的） and 42 for humans than these areas are now.
the fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 ， everywhere. scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random （无规律的） variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 —but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.
the end of the book?
[a] amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on may 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. that is remarkable, considering that the kindle has only been around for four years. e-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. e-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.
[b] does this spell the doom of the physical book? certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. what it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.
[c] physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,” etc. such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.
[d] as for children’s books, who knows? children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.
[e] for clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.
[f] one technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. the greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. a bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. before printing arrived, a bible cost more than a middle-class house. there were perhaps 50,000 books in all of europe in 1450. by 1500 there were 10 million.
[g] but while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on （继续存在） well into the 16th century. very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.
[h]sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. the movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. equally, tv was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.
[i] movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. and while tv didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.
[j] nor did tv kill radio. comedy and drama shows （“jack benny,” “amos and andy,” “the shadow”） all migrated to television. but because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.
[k] sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. mounted cavalry （骑兵） replaced the chariot （二轮战车） on the battlefield around 1000 bc. but chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the roman empire 1,500 years later. the sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”
[l] sometimes new technology is a little cranky （不稳定的） at first. television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. and so the old technology remains as a backup. steamships captured the north atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. but steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. until ships became large enough （and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (the high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.）
[m] then there is the fireplace. central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. but functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. i suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire. fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest)。 human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.
[n] books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. but they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. at their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile（触觉的）pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. the ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. and a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.
[o] for these reasons i think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. like swords, books have symbolic power. like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. and, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46、 authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.
47、 some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.
48、 the radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.
49、 contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.
50、 remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.
51、 old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.
52、 the increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.
53、 a new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.
54、 paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.
55、 a house with a fireplace has a >
directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.
the question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition（命题），although the current emphasis on preparing young americans for stem(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.
the latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities （人文学科）and social sciences must remain central components of america’s educational system at all levels. both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative（创新的）leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. the ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. the ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the united states.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56、 what does the latest congressional report suggest?
a) stem-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
b) the humanities and stem subjects should be given equal importance.
c) the liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
d) higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
57、 what is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
a) their interest in relevant subjects.
b) the academic value of the courses.
c) the quality of education to receive.
d) their chances of getting a good job.
58、 what does the author say about the so called soft subjects?
a) the benefit students in their future life.
b) they broaden students’ range of interests.
c) they improve students’ communication skills.
d) they are essential to students’ healthy growth.
59、 what kind of job applicants do employers look for?
a) those who have a >
questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
energy independence. it has a nice ring to it. doesn’t it? if you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of american president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.
“energy independence” and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. what is it we want independence from, exactly?
most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. but there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.
the first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of biofuel（生物燃料）available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.
second, americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. vast areas of the united states are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. to what extent are americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?
third, there are benefits to trade. it allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. and although you don’t read about this much, the united states is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.
there is no question that the united states imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. when that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, at the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61、 what does the author say about energy independence for america?
a) it sounds very attractive. c) it will bring oil prices down.
b) it ensures national security. d) it has long been everyone’s dream.
62、 what does the author think of biofuels?
a) they keep america’s economy running healthily.
b) they prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.
c) they do not provide a sustainable energy supply.
d) they cause serious damage to the environment.
63、 why does america rely heavily on oil imports?
a) it wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
b) its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
c) it wants to keep its own environment intact.
d) its own oil production falls short of demand.
64、 what does the author say about oil trade?
a) it proves profitable to both sides. c) it makes for economic prosperity.
b) it improves economic efficiency. d) it saves the cost of oil exploration.
65、 what is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
a) to justify america’s dependence on oil imports.
b) to arouse americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.
c) to stress the importance of energy conservation.
d) to explain the increase of international oil trade.
directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.
为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
the first place i will show in my hometown—the central avenue
my hometown is harbin. the most interesting place which i would like to take my foreign friends to is the central avenue, if they come to my hometown. the reasons for this can be illustrated as below.
to begin with, as the symbol of harbin, the central avenue not only has a long history, but also a famous food palace. there are a variety of delicious foods for you to choose. just take the ice-cream brick of ma dieer as an example. many of tourists to the central avenue sing their praises for the ice-cream brick of ma dieer. in addition, the brilliant historic culture of the central avenue can widen people’s vision and enhance their knowledge, which lays a solid foundation for the understanding of this fabulous city—harbin.
i believe my foreign friends will enjoy themselves in the central avenue. not only can they appreciate the wonderful landscape of harbin but also taste authentic northeast food. no better place can be chosen than the central avenue!
1-5: bddcd
6-10: adbac
11-15: acbca
16-20: dabdc
20-25: bcdab
26、 identical
27、 approach
28、 back and forth
29、 opposite
30、 indicates
31、 referring to
32、 parallel to
33、 reserved
34、 at the right angle
35、 embarrassing
part iii reading comprehension
36、 melted
37、 line
38、 contributing
39、 ranging
40、 dramatic
41、 impact
42、 appealing
43、 average
44、 maintain
45、 recently
46、 c physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace…。
47、 n books—especially books the average…
48、 j nor did tv kill radio…
49、 h sometimes a new technology doesn’t…
50、 a amazon, by far the largest…
51、 l sometimes old technology lingers for…
52、 b does this spell the doom of the …。
53、 f one technology replaces another only…
54、 c physical books will surely become much rather…
55、 m then there is the fireplace…
56、 b the humanities and stem subjects should be given equal importance.
57、 d their chances of getting a good job.
58、 a they benefit students in their future life.
59、 d those who have received a well-rounded education.
60、 c prepare themselves for different job options.
61、 a it sounds very attractive.
62、 d they cause serious damage to the environment.
63、 c it wants to keep its own environment intact.
64、 b it improves economic efficiency.
65、 a to justify americas dependence on oil imports.
in order to promote equality in education, china has invested 36 billion yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in midwest areas. these funds are used to improve teaching facilities, and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools. funds are used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools as well. now children in rural and mountainous areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. some students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.
有关四级范文摘抄简短五
一。主要目标
每一天保证必须的阅读量，必须的听力时间，至少15分钟的时间，集中注意力，并有意识的去记忆好的句子。日常思考的时候，尝试用英语思考、想问题以培养语感。争取获得优良成绩，能切实学到丰富的专业知识和基础常识。增加文化素养，提升自身潜力，端正学习态度，培养用心勤奋的学风。做学习计划来自我敦促，自我勉励。
二。设立此目标的依据
1。阅读量不足，知识面小。
2。听力潜力差，不能到达精听的效果。
3。经常出现中国式英语，口语不够地道，习惯中国性思维。
4。学习的自觉性不够高，没有计划造成时间的浪费。
三。本阶段个人学习存在的不足、困惑与解决措施
不足：
1。英语基础薄弱
2。对英语的兴趣不是很高
3。学习方法单一，学习策略滞后
4。没有坚持每一天阅读，听英语听力，用英语交流
困惑：
1。单词量大，生僻单词多，记不住单词
2。翻译句子时不够地道。
3。口语对话时不流畅，句子单一，语法错误多。
4。课堂笔记来不及记，重点难点没完全掌握
解决措施：
1。能够听广播，mp3而且能够更好的把零碎的时间用起来，培养感觉。
2。多光顾一些英语网站，比如英文半的雅虎，或是voa，bbc等的网站。
3。多和外国人交流
4。课前要反复阅读课文，查生词，了解大概资料。
四、下一阶段的学习方法
1。每一天看英语材料和听英语广播，寻找学习环境，利用一切机会去接触英语。在课堂上试着讲英语，平时同学之间交流时多用英语，不要怕出错。
2。同时要建立每周学习生词的目标，在记录词汇本里，记录各种各样的生词，短语。
3。多阅读，精泛并举。了解西方文化，学习西方习惯，掌握超多的语言背景。
4。听广播，读地方报纸(localnewspaper)：如在纽约有thenewyorktimes，在洛杉矶有losangelestimes，均为代表性的的地方报纸。
5。学习中遇到困惑，多翻阅语法书。
6。坚持写英语日记。
7。用小本子抄写阅读时看到的生词、优美句子和实用句子，利用排队、等车等缝隙时间背诵。
五。学习时间安排表
1。周安排表
2。月安排表
【相关阅读】
1)大一：
刚进大学，有超多的新鲜事物有待探索(remaintoexplore)，很多人把超多的时间花在左顾右盼上，但是有一部分同学，他们目标坚定，内心成熟，他们已经拿起新概念，在校园里晨读起来。如果大学有一件事情值得你坚持四年，那么它就是早读。
第一学期，从高中细节的语法学习、题海轰炸过渡到大学兴趣为主、阅读为王的学习方式，你可能要花点时间适应;之后，第二学期你就能够开始准备四级，用一个月的时间把词汇解决。然后你要做一些阅读和真题，简单地就能透过四级考试。作为大学中一个最简单的考试，它只是给你些许开始的信心。如果认为自我基础稍弱一些的，能够先系统的学习一下新概念二册或初、中级阅读，打下基础，再过考试。
2)大二：
你内心清楚自我的目标是六级，但是这个时候，你可能会对听力口语产生一些兴趣，是的，你就应找出几盒有难度进阶的磁带来练听力。有几个原则务必遵守：
一、不看原文(不把听力变成阅读);
二、在安静的环境下认真听;
三、反复听相同的东西。第一盒磁带可能会让你生不如死，过了一个月才大致听懂，没有关系，第二盒磁带可能就只需要20天了，第三盒磁带可能只需要15天，当听到第5盒磁带再回头听第一盒时，就会有想打自我耳光的感觉(couldhekickedyourself)，怪自我为什么当初听不懂这么简单的资料。
大二的时候，英语学习观似乎有些变化，虽然你透过努力可能也过了六级考试，但是你发现一切知识都要应用，六级考题对于你来说更多的是一种表达方式。这个时候，系统学习一下新概念三对于增强自我的表达法、深入了解英文行文规则很有帮忙。至于口语，找一个志同道合的人，加上新三的强大知识库，每一天练习，有三个月，就会有突飞猛进的感觉。推荐同学们用能飞英语网的能飞英语视听学习机软件来进行听力和口语练习。
3)大三：
你就应有些膨胀，想自我年纪轻轻就过了六级;历经生不如死的听力练习;用英文和语伴交流时也是滔滔不绝，你觉得自我真是他妈的语言天才，世间少有。但是来到新东方，你才发现，像你的畜生，还有很多。新东方张贴的托福高分榜不断刺激你的神经，是的，大三你就应考一个雅思或托福。
有了六级的基础，词汇还需要再加强一些，大概有几百个难词要突击一下，阅读要每一天坚持练习，听力和口语是很自然的事情。剩下写作是最难的，即使是自我的母语，也不必须人人都能写出一手好文章，所以每个星期写上两篇便很必要，有机会要高手替你修改。如果实在没有这个机会，就参加一个单独的写作班，向高人学习一些方法。如果有兴趣，自我好好研习新概念四册，便会明白高人是如何用英文来表达生命、哲学等抽象话题了。不必须每个人都能拿托福雅思高分，但是作为自我英语学习最后的也是最权威的检验，它的好处非凡。
4)大四：
大家的眼神已经有些焦躁不安。你还在坚持早读，只但是你已经把材料从新概念二册变成了新概念四册(同时你还爱上了睡前看一小时英文，好习惯!)，你的英语，已经从简单的表达变成了有些文采的新四句型了，讨论学术话题也是滔滔不绝。
当大家都在都在为工作不安时，你的眼神已经有了些许自信当前的你不是此刻决定的，而是三年前的你决定的。如果你要考研，花两个月的时间做历年的真题，有四六级和托福考试经历，考研英语不会让你很分心。多找一些外教朋友，去了解他们的文化和生活方式，多去一些party，用英文去交朋友，享受英文给你带来的乐趣。如果你要找工作，大方地走进主管的办公室，用流利的英文告诉他，你是一个很有计划，很self-disciplined(自律)的人，你是一个要做一件事情就会在三年前计划好、会完美实施的人。我想没有主管不喜欢这么一个有毅力的家伙。恭喜你，你成功了!
有关四级范文摘抄简短六
报考资格：cet大学英语四级的成绩为500分以上（含500分），或六级成绩为425分以上（含425分）即可报考口试。
大学英语四、六级考试口语考试全部采用机考，现将有关事宜通知如下：
一、报名资格
6月及以后的纸笔或网考四级成绩为500分以上（含500分），或六级成绩为425分以上（含425分）。
二、报名方式与缴费
网上报名（报名网址 ），通过网银支付考试费，考试费为50元；因考点容量所限，报名额满为止。
三、报名流程
第一阶段：考生直接进入报名网站进行报名并通过网银支付考试费。
第二阶段：网上报名后缴纳考试费成功的考生到报名网站自行打印准考证。
四、成绩发布与证书颁发
1、 考试成绩由cet考委办在网站上发布，考生可自行上网查询；
2、 对考试成绩为 a、b、c 三个等级的考生，颁发相应等级的`口试成绩单；成绩低于 c 等的考生不发口试成绩单；
3、 口试成绩单的领取时间将在网站上公布，考生根据准考证上提供的成绩单领取地点信息自行前往相应考点领取成绩单。
全国大学英国四、六级考试委员会办公室
