Linux Ubuntu 修改Grub 添加删除启动项 初步辨析Grub文件。

使用场景：

由于我的电脑 装Ubuntu 的时候电脑里只有一个Windows 系统，所以Ubuntu就自动将我Windows的启动项添加进取。

后来我的电脑里又装了 Kali 和 Win11 所以想把这两个启动项也加进去。所以我们来了解一下Ubuntu的Grub，还不是很完善，希望那个大家在评论给我补充。

在Ubuntu 中打开Grub

sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfgsudo vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg取决于你的编辑器

完整的Grub文件，以我的为例子

## DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE## It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub#### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; thenset have_grubenv=trueload_envfiif [ "${initrdfail}" = 2 ]; thenset initrdfail=elif [ "${initrdfail}" = 1 ]; thenset next_entry="${prev_entry}"set prev_entry=save_env prev_entryif [ "${next_entry}" ]; thenset initrdfail=2fifiif [ "${next_entry}" ] ; thenset default="${next_entry}"set next_entry=save_env next_entryset boot_once=trueelseset default="0"fiif [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; thenmenuentry_id_option="--id"elsemenuentry_id_option=""fiexport menuentry_id_optionif [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; thenset saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"save_env saved_entryset prev_saved_entry=save_env prev_saved_entryset boot_once=truefifunction savedefault {if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; thensaved_entry="${chosen}"save_env saved_entryfi}function initrdfail {if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -n "${partuuid}" ]; thenif [ -z "${initrdfail}" ]; thenset initrdfail=1if [ -n "${boot_once}" ]; thenset prev_entry="${default}"save_env prev_entryfifisave_env initrdfailfi; fi}function recordfail {set recordfail=1if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi}function load_video {if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; theninsmod all_videoelseinsmod efi_gopinsmod efi_ugainsmod ieee1275_fbinsmod vbeinsmod vgainsmod video_bochsinsmod video_cirrusfi}if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; thenfont=unicodeelseinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfifont="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"fiif loadfont $font ; thenset gfxmode=autoload_videoinsmod gfxtermset locale_dir=$prefix/localeset lang=zh_CNinsmod gettextfiterminal_output gfxterminsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiinsmod gfxmenuloadfont ($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/dejavu_14.pf2loadfont ($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/droidlogo_bold_17.pf2loadfont ($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/droidlogo_bold_20.pf2loadfont ($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/droidlogo_bold_26.pf2loadfont ($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/droidlogo_regular_12.pf2loadfont ($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/droidlogo_regular_17.pf2insmod pngset theme=($root)/boot/grub/themes/CyberRe/theme.txtexport themeif [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; thenset timeout=30elseif [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; thenset timeout_style=hiddenset timeout=100# Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is# unavailable.elif sleep --interruptible 100 ; thenset timeout=0fifi### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###set menu_color_normal=white/blackset menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###function gfxmode {set gfxpayload="${1}"if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; thenset vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7elseset vt_handoff=fi}if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; thenif [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; thenif hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; thenif [ ${match} = 0 ]; thenset linux_gfx_mode=keepelseset linux_gfx_mode=textfielseset linux_gfx_mode=textfielseset linux_gfx_mode=keepfielseset linux_gfx_mode=textfiexport linux_gfx_mode### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (在 /dev/nvme1n1p1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-B15C-4C64' {insmod part_gptinsmod fatif [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64elsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64fichainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi}menuentry 'Ubuntu 21' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfilinux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffinitrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}submenu 'Ubuntu 的高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-43-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-43-generic-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-43-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffecho'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-43-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-43-generic-recovery-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videoinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-43-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr echo'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-41-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-41-generic-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-41-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffecho'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-41-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-41-generic-recovery-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videoinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-41-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr echo'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic}}### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs ###### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###set timeout_style=menuif [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; thenset timeout=10fi### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###menuentry 'UEFI Firmware Settings' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {fwsetup}### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom #### This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change# the 'exec tail' line above.### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; thensource ${config_directory}/custom.cfgelif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; thensource $prefix/custom.cfg;fi### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

启动项部分

BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (在 /dev/nvme1n1p1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-B15C-4C64' {insmod part_gptinsmod fatif [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64elsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64fichainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi}menuentry 'Ubuntu 21' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfilinux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffinitrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}submenu 'Ubuntu 的高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-43-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-43-generic-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-43-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffecho'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-43-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-43-generic-recovery-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videoinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-43-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr echo'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-41-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-41-generic-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-41-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffecho'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-41-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-41-generic-recovery-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videoinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-41-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr echo'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic}

启动项分为直接启动项，和菜单启动项：

直接的由menuentry开头，可以直接进入启动

menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (在 /dev/nvme1n1p1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-B15C-4C64' {insmod part_gptinsmod fatif [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64elsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64fichainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi}

菜单的由menuentry开头，会进入二级菜单，再次进行启动项选择

submenu 'Ubuntu 的高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-43-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-43-generic-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-43-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffecho'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-43-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-43-generic-recovery-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videoinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-43-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-43-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr echo'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-43-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 5.11.0-41-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-41-generic-advanced-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videogfxmode $linux_gfx_modeinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-41-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro quiet splash $vt_handoffecho'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic}menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-41-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.11.0-41-generic-recovery-77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd' {recordfailload_videoinsmod gzioif [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fiinsmod part_gptinsmod ext2if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdelsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bdfiecho'载入 Linux 5.11.0-41-generic ...'linux/boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-41-generic root=UUID=77ce85c5-1b12-4291-85c6-20b1fd8919bd ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr echo'载入初始化内存盘...'initrd/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic}

直接启动项的内容：

两种写法menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (在 /dev/nvme1n1p1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-B15C-4C64' {insmod part_gptinsmod fatif [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; thensearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64elsesearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root B15C-4C64fichainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi}menuentry 'Window10' {insmod ntfsset root=(hd0,msdos1)search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 1C12FC8012FC5FE6chainloader +1}