文章目录
背景Kaptcha 框架介绍添加Kaptcha依赖Kaptcha配置CommonUtil⼯具类接⼝开发JsonData响应⼯具类封装校验逻辑背景
注册-登录-修改密码⼀般需要发送验证码，但是容易被攻击恶意调⽤
什么是短信-邮箱轰炸机
⼿机短信轰炸机是批、循环给⼿机⽆限发送各种⽹站的注册验证码短信的⽅法。
公司带来的损失
短信⼀条5分钱，如果被⼤盗刷⼤家⾃⼰计算邮箱通知不⽤钱，但被⼤盗刷，带宽、接等都被占⽤，导致⽆法正常使⽤
如何避免⾃⼰的⽹站成为”⾁鸡“或者被刷呢？
增加图形验证码(开发⼈员)
单IP请求次数限制(开发⼈员)
限制号码发送(⼀般短信提供商会做)
攻防永远是有的，只过加⼤了攻击者的成本，ROI划不过来⾃然就放弃了
Kaptcha 框架介绍
⾕歌开源的⼀个可⾼度配置的实⽤验证码⽣成⼯具
验证码的字体/⼤⼩/颜⾊
验证码内容的范围(数字，字⺟，中⽂汉字!)
验证码图⽚的⼤⼩，边框，边框粗细，边框颜⾊
验证码的⼲扰线 验证码的样式(⻥眼样式、3D、普通模糊)
添加Kaptcha依赖
<!--kaptcha依赖包--><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>kaptcha-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version></dependency>
Kaptcha配置
import com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants;import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha;import com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import java.util.Properties;@Configurationpublic class KaptchaConfig {/*** 验证码配置* Kaptcha配置类名** @return*/@Bean@Qualifier("kaptchaProducer")public DefaultKaptcha kaptcha() {DefaultKaptcha kaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha();Properties properties = new Properties();//验证码个数properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_LENGTH, "4");//字体间隔properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_SPACE,"8");//干扰线颜色//干扰实现类properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_NOISE_IMPL, "com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise");//图片样式properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_OBSCURIFICATOR_IMPL, "com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple");//文字来源properties.setProperty(Constants.KAPTCHA_TEXTPRODUCER_CHAR_STRING, "0123456789");Config config = new Config(properties);kaptcha.setConfig(config);return kaptcha;}}
CommonUtil⼯具类
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import .InetAddress;import .UnknownHostException;import java.security.MessageDigest;public class CommonUtil {/*** 获取ip* @param request* @return*/public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {String ipAddress = null;try {ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();if (ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1")) {// 根据网卡取本机配置的IPInetAddress inet = null;try {inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();} catch (UnknownHostException e) {e.printStackTrace();}ipAddress = inet.getHostAddress();}}// 对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割if (ipAddress != null && ipAddress.length() > 15) {// "***.***.***.***".length()// = 15if (ipAddress.indexOf(",") > 0) {ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0, ipAddress.indexOf(","));}}} catch (Exception e) {ipAddress="";}return ipAddress;}public static String MD5(String data) {try {java.security.MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");byte[] array = md.digest(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();for (byte item : array) {sb.append(Integer.toHexString((item & 0xFF) | 0x100).substring(1, 3));}return sb.toString().toUpperCase();} catch (Exception exception) {}return null;}}
接⼝开发
import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer;import net.xdclass.monUtil;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@RestController@RequestMapping("/api/v1/kaptcha")public class KaptchaController {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate Producer kaptchaProducer;@GetMapping("get_kaptcha")public void getKaptcha(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){String KaptchaText = KaptchaProducer.createText();String key = getKaptchaKey(request);//10分钟过期redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,kaptchaText,10,TimeUnit.MINUTES);BufferedImage bufferedImage = kaptchaProducer.createImage(kaptchaText);ServletOutputStream outputStream = null;try {outputStream = response.getOutputStream();ImageIO.write(bufferedImage,"jpg",outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}private String getKaptchaKey(HttpServletRequest request){String ip = CommonUtil.getIpAddr(request);String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");String key = "user-service:kaptcha:"+CommonUtil.MD5(ip+userAgent);return key;}}
JsonData响应⼯具类封装
public class JsonData {/*** 状态码 0 表示成功*/private Integer code;/*** 数据*/private Object data;/*** 描述*/private String msg;public JsonData(int code,Object data,String msg){this.code = code;this.msg = msg;this.data = data;}/*** 成功，不传入数据* @return*/public static JsonData buildSuccess() {return new JsonData(0, null, null);}/*** 成功，传入数据* @param data* @return*/public static JsonData buildSuccess(Object data) {return new JsonData(0, data, null);}/*** 失败，传入描述信息* @param msg* @return*/public static JsonData buildError(String msg) {return new JsonData(-1, null, msg);}public Integer getCode() {return code;}public void setCode(Integer code) {this.code = code;}public Object getData() {return data;}public void setData(Object data) {this.data = data;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}}
校验逻辑
import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer;import net.xdclass.monUtil;import net.xdclass.xdclassredis.util.JsonData;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@RestController@RequestMapping("/api/v1/kaptcha")public class KaptchaController {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate Producer kaptchaProducer;@GetMapping("get_kaptcha")public void getKaptcha(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){String kaptchaText = kaptchaProducer.createText();String key = getKaptchaKey(request);//10分钟过期redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,kaptchaText,10,TimeUnit.MINUTES);BufferedImage bufferedImage = kaptchaProducer.createImage(kaptchaText);ServletOutputStream outputStream = null;try {outputStream = response.getOutputStream();ImageIO.write(bufferedImage,"jpg",outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 发送验证码* to: 验证码发送的手机号* @return*/@GetMapping("send_code")public JsonData sendCode(@RequestParam(value = "to",required = true)String to,@RequestParam(value = "kaptcha",required = true) String kaptcha,HttpServletRequest request){String key = getKaptchaKey(request);String cacheKaptcha = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);if(kaptcha!=null && cacheKaptcha!=null && cacheKaptcha.equalsIgnoreCase(kaptcha)){redisTemplate.delete(key);//TODO 发送验证码return JsonData.buildSuccess();}else {return JsonData.buildError("验证码错误");}}private String getKaptchaKey(HttpServletRequest request){String ip = CommonUtil.getIpAddr(request);String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");String key = "user-service:captcha:"+CommonUtil.MD5(ip+userAgent);return key;}}
