啥都不说了，直接上代码
def invert_bin_str(bin_str):"""二进制字符串按位取反如：'10001011' => '01110100':param bin_str: 二进制字符串 如：'10001011' (str):return: 按位置反后的二进制字符串 如：'01110100' (str)"""# 创建一个空白的转换后的字符串变量inverted_bin_str = ''# 循环判断原始二进制字符串中的每一位，若为'1'就转换成'0'，若为'0'就转换成'1'，# 然后添加到inverted_bin_str中for i in bin_str:if i == '1':inverted_bin_str += '0'else:inverted_bin_str += '1'return inverted_bin_strdef or_bin_str(bin_str_a, bin_str_b):"""将二进制字符串按位或运算:param bin_str_a: 准备或运算的二进制字符串a 如：'10001011' (str):param bin_str_b: 准备或运算的二进制字符串b 如：'11111100' (str):return: 两个二进制或运算之后的值 如：'11111111' (str)"""# 先获取两个二进制字符串的长度bin_str_a_len, bin_str_b_len = len(bin_str_a), len(bin_str_b)# 判断两个二进制字符串的长度是否一致if bin_str_a_len != bin_str_b_len:raise Exception('进行或运算的两个二进制字符串长度不一致')else:bin_str_len = bin_str_a_len# 两个二进制字符串按位置反运算new_bin_str = ''for i in range(0, bin_str_len):if int(bin_str_a[i], 2) + int(bin_str_b[i], 2) >= 1:new_bin_str += '1'else:new_bin_str += '0'return new_bin_strdef get_broadcast_with_ip_and_netmask(ip, netmask):"""使用IP地址和子网掩码计算获取广播地址:param ip: IP地址 如：'192.168.4.1'(str):param netmask: 子网掩码 如：'255.255.255.0'(str):return: 局域网内的广播地址 如：'192.168.4.255' (str)""""""处理IP地址ip_segment_list ['192', '168', '4', '1']bin_str_ip_segment_list['11000000', '10101000', '00000100', '00000001']bin_str_ip '11000000101010000000010000000001'int_ip 3232236545"""# 1.先拆分IP地址成列表['192', '168', '1', '1']ip_segment_list = ip.split('.')# 2.转成二进制字符串列表['11000000', '10101000', '00000001', '00000001']bin_str_ip_segment_list = []for ip_segment in ip_segment_list:bin_str_ip_segment = bin(int(ip_segment))[2:]while True:if len(bin_str_ip_segment) <= 7:bin_str_ip_segment = '0' + bin_str_ip_segmentelse:breakbin_str_ip_segment_list.append(bin_str_ip_segment)# 3.合并成二进制字符串'11000000101010000000000100000001'bin_str_ip = ''.join(bin_str_ip_segment_list)# 4. 转换成整数3232235777int_ip = int(bin_str_ip, 2)# print('{} / {} / {} / {}'.format(ip_segment_list,bin_str_ip_segment_list, bin_str_ip, int_ip))"""处理子网掩码netmask_segment_list ['255', '255', '255', '0']bin_str_netmask_segment_list ['11111111', '11111111', '11111111', '00000000']bin_str_netmask '11111111111111111111111100000000'int_netmask 4294967040"""# 1.先拆分子网掩码地址成列表['255', '255', '255', '0']netmask_segment_list = netmask.split('.')# 2.转成二进制字符串列表['11111111', '11111111', '11111111', '00000000']bin_str_netmask_segment_list = []for netmask_segment in netmask_segment_list:bin_str_netmask_segment = bin(int(netmask_segment))[2:]while True:if len(bin_str_netmask_segment) <= 7:bin_str_netmask_segment = '0' + bin_str_netmask_segmentelse:breakbin_str_netmask_segment_list.append(bin_str_netmask_segment)# 3.合并成二进制字符串'11111111111111111111111100000000'bin_str_netmask = ''.join(bin_str_netmask_segment_list)# 4.转换成整数4294967040int_netmask = int(bin_str_netmask, 2)# print('{} / {} / {} / {}'.format(netmask_segment_list, bin_str_netmask_segment_list, bin_str_netmask, int_netmask))"""获取网络地址int_network 3232235776bin_str_network '11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000'"""# 网络地址只需要将IP地址和子网掩码进行“与”运算int_network = int_ip & int_netmaskbin_str_network = bin(int_network)[2:]"""获取广播地址inverted_bin_str_netmask '00000000000000000000000011111111'bin_str_broadcast '11000000101010000000010011111111'broadcast_segment_list['192', '168', '4', '255']broadcast '192.168.4.255'"""# 将子网掩码按位取反inverted_bin_str_netmask = invert_bin_str(bin_str_netmask)# 将取反后的子网掩码与网络地址进行或运算bin_str_broadcast = or_bin_str(inverted_bin_str_netmask, bin_str_network)broadcast_segment_list = [str(int(bin_str_broadcast[0:8], 2)),str(int(bin_str_broadcast[8:16], 2)),str(int(bin_str_broadcast[16:24], 2)),str(int(bin_str_broadcast[24:32], 2))]bs_1, bs_2, bs_3, bs_4 = broadcast_segment_listbroadcast = "{}.{}.{}.{}".format(bs_1, bs_2, bs_3, bs_4)return broadcastif __name__ == '__main__':print('根据IP地址和子网掩码获取的广播地址：' + get_broadcast_with_ip_and_netmask('192.168.4.1', '255.255.255.0'))
