1200字范文 > 嵌入式linux之QT交叉编译环境搭建(最简单实测通用版)

嵌入式linux之QT交叉编译环境搭建(最简单实测通用版)

时间：2023-07-11 23:56:07

这里总结下用于嵌入式linux下的QT交叉编译环境搭建，留作备忘，分享给有需要的小伙伴。不管你的是什么嵌入式linux环境，实测过的通用方法总结。

环境准备

需要准备的环境要求如下：

1.虚拟机(vmvare15.5)

2.ubuntu18.04-x64的linux系统镜像

3.qt安装包(qt-5.12.9)

4.交叉编译工具链（一般厂家会提供）

vmvare15.5下载

VMWare (Virtual Machine ware)是一个虚拟机软件，它可以使你在一台机器上同时运行二个或更多Windows、DOS、LINUX系统。

下载地址

VMware-workstation-full-15.5.0-14665864.exe_免费高速下载|百度网盘-分享无限制

虚拟机的网络设置

NAT 连接方式

默认情况下，虚拟机安装完成后网络连接方式如下图所示为 NAT，与宿主机共享一个 IP 地址，我们在进行依赖包的安装，代码的编译等工作时是不需要更改的。

在虚拟机中，VMware 虚拟网卡设置为 NAT 模式时，Ubuntu 环境中网络设置为动态 IP 即可。在这种模式下虚拟 NAT 设备和主机网卡相连通信上网。这种事我们虚拟机上外网最常用的方式。

桥接的连接方式

VMware 虚拟网卡设备为桥接模式时，主机网卡和虚拟机网卡通过虚拟网桥进行通信，需要在 Ubuntu环境中设置网络 IP 与主机在同一个网段，如果需要上外网需要设置 DNS 与主机网卡一致。如果在使用TFTP，SFTP 等服务器时则需要设置虚拟机的网络联系方式为桥接方式。

更新系统镜像源

ubuntu18自带的镜像源下载很慢，替换镜像源的是必要的。免不了要联网下载安装一些东西。

先备份：cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

再将以下源文件复制到/etc/apt/sources.list

可以使用Vi或者gedit打开。

阿里镜像源

deb /ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

华为镜像源

# See /community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to# newer versions of the distribution.deb /ubuntu jammy main restricted# deb-src /ubuntu jammy main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the## distribution.deb /ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.deb /ubuntu jammy universe# deb-src /ubuntu jammy universedeb /ubuntu jammy-updates universe# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu## security team.deb /ubuntu jammy multiverse# deb-src /ubuntu jammy multiversedeb /ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.deb /ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universemultiverse# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu jammy-security main restricted# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-security main restricteddeb /ubuntu jammy-security universe# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-security universedeb /ubuntu jammy-security multiverse# deb-src /ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

编译环境依赖配置

sudo apt-get install libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 zlib1g:i386 libc6:i386// 32位兼容依赖库//使用网络配置工具和 menuconfig 时还需要安装以下库：linx@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update //更新下载源信息linx@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install net-tools //网络配置工具sudo apt-get install lzop // 安装 lzop 工具，用于生成压缩或解压镜像sudo apt-get install libncurses* // 安装 ncurese 相关库，U-boot 或者内核菜单显示时需要//安装一些三方开源库需要sudo apt-get install -y autoconf automake libtoolsudo apt-get install autoconf-archivesudo apt-get install m4sudo apt install pkg-config

QT下载

https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/

注意事项

QT的安装包可以直接从官网下载linux上的安装包，安装即可。如：https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.12/5.12.9/ qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.9.run

注意事项，因为最终目的是开发板的嵌入式环境下使用。所以上述只是安装了在linux电脑上的QT环境。最终是需要交叉编译，才可以在嵌入式linux板上运行。需要确定下你的交叉编译工具链是否包含了QT的头文件和库。一般开发板厂家都提供了现成的包含QT的交叉编译工具链，所以不需要从新编译QT的源码。打开Qtcreater,只需配置交叉编译的工具链即可。

有的文章中介绍的很麻烦，比如单独安装qtcreater之类的不需要的。直接下载的qt5.12.9中包含qt的sdk和qtcreater。

安装QT遇到的问题

Qt version is not properly installed,please run make install

1.直接copy别人安装好的QT库，在自己电脑上编译时提示Qt version is not properly installed,please run make install。

2.从网上查找发现原因：原来是qmake.exe是在Qt安装编译时生成的，里面内嵌了Qt相关的一些路径。如果直接copy过来，自己的路径结构与原来不同，则Qt库就不能正常使用。

3.解决方法：在qmake.exe所在目录新建一个文本文件，将下面的内容写入文本文件，并将文件命名为qt.conf即可。

内容修改：

[Paths]Prefix=/usrHostPrefix=/home/t507/tmp/OKT507/err_OKT507_buildroot/OKT507-linux-sdk/out/t507/okt507/longan/buildroot/hostSysroot=/home/t507/tmp/OKT507/err_OKT507_buildroot/OKT507-linux-sdk/out/t507/okt507/longan/buildroot/host/aarch64-buildroot-linux-gnu/sysrootHeaders=/usr/include/qt5Plugins=/usr/lib/qt/pluginsExamples=/usr/lib/qt/examples

error: Cannot run target compiler '/home/t507/tmp/OKT507/err_OKT507_buildroot/OKT507-linux-sdk/out/t507/okt507/longan/buildroot/host/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++'. Output:

报这个错是因为从别处拷贝的别人的工具链。那么很多软链接应该是找不到的。需要运行以下脚本，删除旧的工具链的软链接，从新建立新的软链接。

changeSdkLocation.sh脚本内容如下：

#!/bin/sh#if [ "$#" -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Run this script to relocate the buildroot SDK at that location"exit 1fiLOCFILE="share/buildroot/sdk-location"FILEPATH="$(readlink -f "$0")"NEWPATH="$(dirname "${FILEPATH}")"LICHEE_BR_OUT="/opt/okt507/buildroot"LICHEE_OUT_DIR="/opt/okt507/buildroot"cd "${NEWPATH}"if [ ! -r "${LOCFILE}" ]; thenecho "Previous location of the buildroot SDK not found!"exit 1fiOLDPATH="$(cat "${LOCFILE}")"#if [ "${NEWPATH}" = "${OLDPATH}" ]; then# echo "This buildroot SDK has already been relocated!"# exit 0#fiFIX_LIST="aarch64-linux-gnu-addr2line \aarch64-linux-gnu-ar \aarch64-linux-gnu-as \aarch64-linux-gnu-c++ \aarch64-linux-gnu-c++filt \aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp \aarch64-linux-gnu-dwp \aarch64-linux-gnu-elfedit \aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-7.4.1 \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump \aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool \aarch64-linux-gnu-gdb \aarch64-linux-gnu-gdb-add-index \aarch64-linux-gnu-gfortran \aarch64-linux-gnu-gprof \aarch64-linux-gnu-ld \aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd \aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.gold \aarch64-linux-gnu-nm \aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy \aarch64-linux-gnu-objdump \aarch64-linux-gnu-ranlib \aarch64-linux-gnu-readelf \aarch64-linux-gnu-size \aarch64-linux-gnu-strings \aarch64-linux-gnu-strip"for str in $FIX_LISTdorm bin/$strln -s $LICHEE_OUT_DIR/gcc-linaro-7.4.1-.02-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/$str $LICHEE_BR_OUT/host/bin/$strdone[ -L $LICHEE_BR_OUT/staging ] && rm $LICHEE_BR_OUT/stagingln -s $LICHEE_BR_OUT/host/aarch64-buildroot-linux-gnu/sysroot $LICHEE_BR_OUT/staging# Check if the path substitution does work properly, e.g. a tree# "/a/b/c" copied into "/a/b/c/a/b/c/" would not be allowed.newpath="$(sed -e "s|${OLDPATH}|${NEWPATH}|g" "${LOCFILE}")"if [ "${NEWPATH}" != "${newpath}" ]; thenecho "Something went wrong with substituting the path!"echo "Please choose another location for your SDK!"exit 1fiecho "Relocating the buildroot SDK from ${OLDPATH} to ${NEWPATH} ..."# Make sure file uses the right languageexport LC_ALL=C# Replace the old path with the new one in all text filesgrep -lr "${OLDPATH}" . | while read -r FILE ; doif file -b --mime-type "${FILE}" | grep -q '^text/' && [ "${FILE}" != "${LOCFILE}" ]thensed -i "s|${OLDPATH}|${NEWPATH}|g" "${FILE}"fidone# At the very end, we update the location file to not break the# SDK if this script gets interruted.sed -i "s|${OLDPATH}|${NEWPATH}|g" ${LOCFILE}

接着又报错：

原因是，gcc-linaro-7.4.1-.02-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu\libexec\gcc\aarch64-linux-gnu\7.4.1\liblto_plugin.so ,该软连接失效了，从新软链接下。

软链接失效的问题，最可能是从windows下直接拷贝导致的。建议拷贝到虚拟机中，不要直接拷贝文件夹。正确做法应该是解压缩。