1200字范文 > 智能家居——阿里云物联网套件体验

智能家居——阿里云物联网套件体验

时间：2022-06-12 19:30:59

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智能家居——阿里云物联网套件体验

背景

本文主要记录使用阿里云物联网套件的方法。

以STM32驱动DHT11读取温度、湿度为例，将数据以MQTT方式推送到阿里云物联网平台上。

STM32驱动DHT11从串口获取数据请参考文章《STM32获取DHT11温度传感器数据》

云平台配置

1. 登陆管理控制台

<1> 登陆阿里云官网

<2> 产品 -> 物联网套件 -> 开通服务 or 管理控制台

2. 新建产品、设备

如图，创建了名为home_automation的产品，以及产品下面两个设备temperature_sensor和subscribe_test

以MQTT方式发布数据

官方文档：/document_detail/30539.html?spm=5176.doc30530.6.574.43QEvm

本示例采用方式二：使用HTTPS认证再连接模式；

按照官网文档说明，实现HTTPS认证并获取授权，再通过MQTT通信。

HTTPS认证

HTTPS认证方式参考代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport timeimport hmacimport hashlibimport requestsimport tracebackclassAliyunIot():CONF_FILE = 'config.json'def__init__(self, config_file = None):ifnot config_file:config_file = self.CONF_FILEself.__s = requests.Session()self.__config = self.__load_config(config_file)def__load_config(self, filename):withopen(filename) as f:return json.load(f, encoding='utf-8')def__del__(self):self.__s.close()defGetSign(self, secret, param):black_key_list = ['version', 'sign', 'resources', 'signmethod']p = filter(lambda x:x[0] notin black_key_list, param.items())c = ''.join([''.join(str(j) for j in i) for i insorted(p, key=lambda x:x[0])])return hmac.new(str(secret), c, hashlib.md5).hexdigest()defDeviceAuthentication(self, client_id, resources = 'mqtt'):timestamp = int(time.time())param = {'productKey': self.__config['productKey'],'deviceName': self.__config['deviceName'],'sign': None,'signmethod': 'hmacmd5','clientId': client_id,'timestamp': timestamp,'resources': resources}param['sign'] = self.GetSign(self.__config['deviceSecret'], param)pre = requests.Request('POST', url=self.__config['url'], data=param).prepare()res = self.__s.send(pre, cert=self.__config['cert'], timeout=3)if res.text:try:resp = json.loads(res.text)if resp['code'] == 200:return resp['data']except:print res.textprint'Http request failed.'print traceback.print_exc()returnNone,Noneif __name__ == '__main__':a = AliyunIot()print a.DeviceAuthentication('01')

新建config.json配置如下：

{"productKey":"xx","deviceName":"xx","deviceSecret":"xx","url":"https://iot--/auth/devicename","cert":"aliyun_iot.crt"}

参数说明：

productKey：官网产品管理获取

deviceName：设备页面获取

deviceSecret：设备页面 -> 设备证书

cert：请下载官网文档中给的，也可选择不使用证书，但要将python的Requests的verify置为false，方法可网上查阅资料。

执行脚本即可得到响应：

pi@raspberrypi:~/IoT/raspberrypi $ ./aliyun_iot.py{u'iotId': u'xxxxx', u'resources': {u'mqtt': {u'host': u'public.iot-as--', u'port': 1883}}, u'iotToken': u'xxxxxxx'}

MQTT发布消息

从串口读取数据解析出json

编辑文件iot_serial.py

#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import serialimport jsonimport timeclassSerial:def__init__(self, port, baudrate = 9600):self.__ser = serial.Serial(port, baudrate, timeout=0.5)def__del__(self):self.__ser.close()defGetData(self):self.FlushInput()whileTrue:time.sleep(0.1)text = self.__ser.read(1)if text:recv = text + self.__ser.readline()return recv.strip().strip('\n').strip('_')defFlushInput(self):self.__ser.flushInput()if __name__ == '__main__':s = Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0')whileTrue:try:j = json.loads(s.GetData())print'%s\t%s' %(time.time(), j)except:continue

运行，测试串口数据读取正常

pi@raspberrypi:~/IoT/raspberrypi $ ./iot_serial.py1506334420.2 {u'temperature': 17.4, u'humidness': 35.6}1506334444.57 {u'temperature': 20.4, u'humidness': 46.4}1506334468.19 {u'temperature': 20.4, u'humidness': 43.6}

将串口读取数据利用MQTT协议发送

python安装mqtt模块：

sudo pip install paho-mqtt

编辑文件mqtt.py

#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import timeimport jsonimport tracebackimport paho.mqtt.client as mqttfrom util import GetMacAddrfrom iot_serial import Serialfrom aliyun_iot import AliyunIot#此处TOPIC应该替换为自己的TOPIC = '/xxxxx/temperature_sensor/m2m'defConnectCallback(client, userdata, flags, rc):print'Connected:' + str(rc)dev_id = GetMacAddr()print dev_ida = AliyunIot()conf = a.DeviceAuthentication(dev_id)print confclient = mqtt.Client(dev_id)client.on_connect = ConnectCallbackclient.tls_set('aliyun_iot.crt')client.username_pw_set(conf['iotId'], conf['iotToken'])m = conf['resources']['mqtt']client.connect(m['host'], m['port'], 80)client.loop_start()s = Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0')whileTrue:try:msg = json.dumps(json.loads(s.GetData()))rc, mid = client.publish(TOPIC, payload=msg)if rc == 0:print'[%s]publis success, %s' %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), msg)except:traceback.print_exc()time.sleep(1)

运行查看结果：

pi@raspberrypi:~/IoT/raspberrypi$ ./mqtt.pyConnected:0[-09-2510:18:36]publis success, {"temperature": 17.2, "humidness": 45.6}

也可以在云平台管理页面查看日志：

设备间通信M2M

官方文档：/document_detail/59147.html?spm=5176.doc30539.6.668.bSNXB3

配置规则引擎

订阅Topic

#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from util import GetMacAddrfrom iot_serial import Serialfrom aliyun_iot import AliyunIotimport paho.mqtt.client as mqttTOPIC = '/JVMwetHXFGK/temperature_sensor/m2m'defConnectCallback(client, userdata, flags, rc):print'Connected:' + str(rc)client.subscribe(TOPIC)defMessageCallback(client, userdata, msg):print'%s -> %s' %(msg.topic, str(msg.payload))dev_id = GetMacAddr()dev_id='test001'a = AliyunIot('config_subscribe.json')conf = a.DeviceAuthentication(dev_id)client = mqtt.Client(dev_id)client.on_connect = ConnectCallbackclient.on_message = MessageCallbackclient.tls_set('aliyun_iot.crt')client.username_pw_set(conf['iotId'], conf['iotToken'])m = conf['resources']['mqtt']client.connect(m['host'], m['port'], 80)client.loop_forever()

其中config_subscribe.json为配置文件拷贝一份，将里面的设备名和秘钥改为另一个设备的。

运行发布消息和订阅消息程序