查找颜色是机器视觉任务中非常重要的的一个功能，其难点不是算法，而是在不同的灯光等环境条件下，选择合适的参数，参数的调整依赖于人的经验，而用一个合适的工具可以帮助对各颜色空间分布不了解的初学者快速实现目标颜色的参数。
根据经验，利用HSV，和LAB模式可以得到较好的环境适应性。
1、原图
2、HSV空间查找棋子（或感兴趣）颜色
HSV空间查找，提供一种经验值，可以迅速定位感兴趣颜色的目标值，然后结合手动调节，可以精确找到感兴趣的颜色。
可以专家模式查找：
也可以手动模式查找，个人推荐，在专家模式基础上，切换至手动模式，更加精确：
3、LAB空间精确查找棋子（或感兴趣）颜色
LAB空间，适合人类的直觉感知，将亮度和颜色分开了，具体原理可以自行查找相关资料。可以通过本博客提供的代码自由探索，可以瞬间入门。
4、RGB颜色空间查找
RGB颜色空间由于其机理比较违反人类的感知逻辑，参数相对来说比较难找，个人不推荐使用此种颜色空间用于实际项目。
最后，废话不多说，直接上代码，下载相应模块，直接就能运行，初学者得到这个一定会功力大增，希望多多点赞关注：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Tue Feb 1 18:14:44 @author: JAMES Fei"""import cv2 import numpy as npimport PySimpleGUI as sgdef color_filter(inputimg,LOW=None,UPE=None,mod="lab"):"""通过颜色上下限，过滤图像"""if inputimg.shape[2]==3:if mod=='rgb'or mod==0:rhl=cv2.cvtColor(inputimg,cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)elif mod=='hsv'or mod==1:rhl = cv2.cvtColor(inputimg, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)elif mod=='lab'or mod==2:rhl = cv2.cvtColor(inputimg, cv2.COLOR_BGR2LAB)#变换图像 = cv2.GaussianBlur(变换图像, (7, 7), 0)if type(LOW)==type([]):LOW=np.array(LOW)if type(UPE)==type([]):UPE=np.array(UPE)mask = cv2.inRange(rhl, LOW, UPE)output = cv2.bitwise_and(inputimg, inputimg, mask = mask)#print(output.shape)return output else:print("不是RGB图像")def find_hsv_range(color="红1"):hsv_colormap={"黑":{"lower":np.array([0 , 0, 0]),"upper":np.array([180,180, 46]) },"灰":{"lower":np.array([0 ,0 , 46]),"upper":np.array([180,43,220]) },"白":{"lower":np.array([0 ,0 , 221]),"upper":np.array([180,30,225]) },"红1":{"lower":np.array([156 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([180,255,225]) },"红2":{"lower":np.array([0 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([10,255,225]) }, "橙":{"lower":np.array([11 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([25,255,225]) }, "黄":{"lower":np.array([26 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([34,255,225]) }, "黄1":{"lower":np.array([20 ,180 , 221]),"upper":np.array([31,255,225]) }, "绿":{"lower":np.array([35 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([77,255,225]) }, "青":{"lower":np.array([78 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([99,255,225]) }, "蓝":{"lower":np.array([100 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([124,255,225]) }, "紫":{"lower":np.array([125 ,43 , 46]),"upper":np.array([155,255,225]) }, }if type(color)==type(''):if color in hsv_colormap.keys():lower= hsv_colormap[color]["lower"]upper= hsv_colormap[color]["upper"]return True,lower,upperelse:print("wrong color type")return Falsedef color_filterTH(inputimg,mblock,isoutput=True,module=None,**args):#output=Nonemodnum={'lab':2,'rgb':0,"hsv":1,1:"hsv",0:'rgb',2:'lab'} argTH={"LOW":[50,0,0],"UPE":[180,100,50],"mod":1 }if type(mblock["args"])==type({}): for k,v in mblock["args"].items():if k in argTH.keys():argTH[k]=v layout= [ [ sg.Text('色彩空间',size=(10, 1)),sg.Radio('RGB', "333",key="-RGB-"),sg.Radio('LAB', "333",key="-LAB-"),sg.Radio('HSV', "333",default=True,key="-HSV-")],[sg.Radio('手动查找', "111",default=True,key="-manhand-"),sg.Radio('专家查找', "111",key="-exphand-"),bo(("黑","灰","白","红1","红2","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"), default_value="红1",size=(10, 1),key='-hsvcolorrange-')],[sg.Text('L(R/H)低',size=(10, 1)),sg.Slider((0, 255), argTH["LOW"][0], 1, orientation='h', size=(20, 15), key='-lrhlow-'),sg.Text('L(R/H)高',size=(10, 1)), sg.Slider((0, 255), argTH["UPE"][0], 1, orientation='h', size=(20, 15), key='-lrhup-'), ],[sg.Text('A(G/S)低',size=(10, 1)),sg.Slider((0, 255), argTH["LOW"][1], 1, orientation='h', size=(20, 15), key='-agslow-'),sg.Text('A(G/S)高',size=(10, 1)),sg.Slider((0, 255), argTH["UPE"][1], 1, orientation='h', size=(20, 15), key='-agsup-'),],[sg.Text('B(B/V)低',size=(10, 1)),sg.Slider((0, 255), argTH["LOW"][2], 1, orientation='h', size=(20, 15), key='-bbvlow-'),sg.Text('B(B/V)高',size=(10, 1)), sg.Slider((0, 255), argTH["UPE"][2], 1, orientation='h', size=(20, 15), key='-bbvup-') ],[sg.Button('Exit')],[sg.Image(filename='', key='-IMAGE-')],]win = sg.Window('颜色选择器TH', layout,disable_close=True)def flash(win): win_active=Trueevent=Truemod=modnum[argTH["mod"]]event, values = win.read(timeout=20)if mod=="lab":win['-LAB-'].update(value=True)if mod=="rgb":win['-RGB-'].update(value=True)if mod=="hsv":win['-HSV-'].update(value=True) while win_active:event, values = win.read(timeout=20) if values["-RGB-"]:mod='rgb'win['-lrhlow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-lrhlow-']<0:win['-lrhlow-'].update(value=0)win['-lrhup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-lrhup-']<0:win['-lrhup-'].update(value=5)win['-agslow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-agslow-']<0:win['-agslow-'].update(value=0) win['-agsup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-agsup-']<0:win['-agsup-'].update(value=5) win['-bbvlow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-bbvlow-']<0:win['-bbvlow-'].update(value=0)win['-bbvup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-bbvup-']<0:win['-bbvup-'].update(value=5)if values["-LAB-"]:mod='lab'win['-lrhlow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-lrhlow-']<0:win['-lrhlow-'].update(value=0)win['-lrhup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-lrhup-']<0:win['-lrhup-'].update(value=5)win['-agslow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-agslow-']<0:win['-agslow-'].update(value=0) win['-agsup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-agsup-']<0:win['-agsup-'].update(value=5) win['-bbvlow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-bbvlow-']<0:win['-bbvlow-'].update(value=0)win['-bbvup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-bbvup-']<0:win['-bbvup-'].update(value=5)if values["-HSV-"]:mod='hsv'win['-lrhlow-'].update(range=(0,180))if values['-lrhlow-']>180:win['-lrhlow-'].update(value=180)win['-lrhup-'].update(range=(0,180))if values['-lrhup-']>180:win['-lrhup-'].update(value=180)win['-agslow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-agslow-']<0:win['-agslow-'].update(value=0) win['-agsup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-agsup-']<0:win['-agsup-'].update(value=5) win['-bbvlow-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-bbvlow-']<0:win['-bbvlow-'].update(value=0)win['-bbvup-'].update(range=(0,255))if values['-bbvup-']<0:win['-bbvup-'].update(value=5)LOW=np.array([values['-lrhlow-'],values['-agslow-'],values['-bbvlow-']])UPE=np.array([values['-lrhup-'],values['-agsup-'],values['-bbvup-']]) if values["-HSV-"] and values["-exphand-"]:mod='hsv'res,LOW,UPE=find_hsv_range(color=values['-hsvcolorrange-'])win['-lrhlow-'].update(value=LOW[0])win['-agslow-'].update(value=LOW[1])win['-bbvlow-'].update(value=LOW[2])win['-lrhup-'].update(value=UPE[0])win['-agsup-'].update(value=UPE[1])win['-bbvup-'].update(value=UPE[2])if res:passelse:LOW=np.array([int(values['-lrhlow-']),int(values['-agslow-']),int(values['-bbvlow-'])])UPE=np.array([int(values['-lrhup-']),int(values['-agsup-']),int(values['-bbvup-'])]) output=color_filter(inputimg,LOW=LOW,UPE=UPE,mod=mod)if type(mblock["args"])==type({}):mblock["args"]["LOW"]=LOW.tolist()mblock["args"]["UPE"]=UPE.tolist()mblock["args"]["mod"]=modnum[mod]if type(mblock["args"])==type([]):if len(mblock["args"]):mblock["args"].clear()mblock["args"].append({"LOW":LOW.tolist()})mblock["args"].append({"UPE":UPE.tolist()})mblock["args"].append({"mod":mod}) else:mblock["args"].append({"LOW":LOW.tolist()})mblock["args"].append({"UPE":UPE.tolist()})mblock["args"].append({"mod":mod}) output,ratio=resizeoutput(output)imgbytes = cv2.imencode('.png', output)[1].tobytes() win['-IMAGE-'].update(data=imgbytes)#win['-OUTPUT-'].update("video window:"+str(task0.is_alive()))if event is None or event == 'Exit':win.close()win_active = Falsebreak flash(win) def resizeoutput(output,maxw=800,maxh=800):H=output.shape[0] W=output.shape[1]ratio=Noneif W>=H:if W>maxw:gsizew=maxwgsizeh=int(H/W*maxw)ratio=maxw/Welse:gsizew=Wgsizeh=Hratio=1else:if H>maxh:gsizeh=maxhgsizew=int(W/H*maxh)ratio=maxh/Helse:gsizew=Wgsizeh=Hratio=1pic = cv2.resize(output, (gsizew, gsizeh), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)return pic,ratio if __name__ == '__main__':mblock={}img=cv2.imread('test.jpg') mock={"args":{} } color_filterTH(img.copy(),mock,isoutput=False) LOW=mock["args"]["LOW"]UPE=mock["args"]["UPE"]mod=mock["args"]["mod"] print("找到的参数为",mock)
机器视觉实用工具集NO.4——颜色查找可视化工具 在HSV LAB RGB三个颜色空间轻松进行颜色查找
