Kali Linux 安装英伟达显卡驱动和CUDA套件 // Debian // Ubuntu

1. 检查仓库源

确保仓库包含contrib和non-free部分。Kali默认就有此部分。Debian可能需要自己手动添加，建议检查下为好。

检查是否包括contrib和non-free

grep "contrib non-free" /etc/apt/sources.list

如果没有的话，需要手动添加。源文件在/etc/apt/sources.list

apt edit-sources或vim /etc/apt/sources.list

更新软件包

apt update && apt full-upgrade -y

2. 检查显卡

查看显卡信息和驱动信息。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# lspci | grep -i vga09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# lspci -s 09:00.0 -v09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 80, IOMMU group 15Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]I/O ports at e000 [size=128]Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00Capabilities: [100] Virtual ChannelCapabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance ReportingCapabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error ReportingCapabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI ExpressKernel driver in use: nouveauKernel modules: nouveau┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─#

对于笔记本电脑或者迷你主机等有集成显卡的设备。主显示卡或许使用的是集成显卡，那么在lspci | grep -i vga这一步就不会显示nvidia独显。下面命令可以查看主显示卡是哪一个。

kali@kali:~$ lspci | grep -i vga00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 620 (rev 02)

为了查看nvidia显卡，可以安装nvidia-detect，并运行此软件。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# apt install nvidia-detect┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# nvidia-detect Detected NVIDIA GPUs:09:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] [10de:1c03] (rev a1)Checking card: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)Uh oh. Failed to identify your Debian suite.

3. 安装

上一步检查出来的信息中，Kernel driver in use和Kernel modules显示的是nouveau。说明现在使用的是开源通用驱动，而我们现在要安装nvidia闭源驱动和CUDA套件。

apt install -y nvidia-driver nvidia-cuda-toolkit

安装过程中会提示以下信息

─────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring xserver-xorg-video-nvidia ├─────────────────────────────────┐│ ││ Conflicting nouveau kernel module loaded││ ││ The free nouveau kernel module is currently loaded and conflicts with the non-free nvidia kernel module. ││ ││ The easiest way to fix this is to reboot the machine once the installation has finished. ││ ││<Ok> ││ │└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

重启电脑

reboot

4. 确认

检查nvidia驱动和CUDA套件是否安装成功。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# nvidia-smi Thu Aug 4 23:29:36 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+| NVIDIA-SMI 470.129.06 Driver Version: 470.129.06 CUDA Version: 11.4||-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC || Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. || | |MIG M. ||===============================+======================+======================|| 0 NVIDIA GeForce ... Off | 00000000:09:00.0 On | N/A || 0% 55C P0 33W / 190W | 396MiB / 6075MiB |1%Default || | | N/A |+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Processes:|| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory || ID ID Usage||=============================================================================|| 0 N/A N/A1078G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg191MiB || 0 N/A N/A1474G xfwm4 2MiB |+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# lspci | grep -i vga09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]└─# lspci -s 09:00.0 -v09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 86, IOMMU group 15Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]I/O ports at e000 [size=128]Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00Capabilities: [100] Virtual ChannelCapabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error ReportingCapabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI ExpressKernel driver in use: nvidiaKernel modules: nvidia

查看显卡详细信息，例如温度、转速、内存占用等。

nvidia-smi -i 0 -q