先介绍下 Pygame 绘制烟花的基本原理，烟花从发射到绽放一共分为三个阶段：
1，发射阶段：在这一阶段烟花的形状是线性向上，通过设定一组大小不同、颜色不同的点来模拟“向上发射” 的运动运动，运动过程中 5个点被赋予不同大小的加速度，随着时间推移，后面的点会赶上前面的点，最终所有点会汇聚在一起，处于 绽放准备阶段；
2，烟花绽放：烟花绽放这个阶段，是由一个点分散多个点向不同方向发散，并且每个点的移动轨迹可需要被记录，目的是为了追踪整个绽放轨迹。
3，烟花凋零，此阶段负责描绘绽放后烟花的效果，绽放后的烟花，而在每一时刻点的下降速度和亮度（代码中也叫透明度）是不一样的，因此在代码里，将烟花绽放后将每个点赋予两个属性：分别为重力向量和生命周期，来模拟烟花在不同时期时不同的展现效果。
完整程序代码：
import pygamefrom random import randint, uniform, choiceimport mathvector = pygame.math.Vector2gravity = vector(0, 0.3)DISPLAY_WIDTH = DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 800trail_colours = [(45, 45, 45), (60, 60, 60), (75, 75, 75), (125, 125, 125), (150, 150, 150)]dynamic_offset = 1static_offset = 3class Firework:def __init__(self):# 随机颜色self.colour = (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))self.colours = ((randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)),(randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)),(randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)))self.firework = Particle(randint(0, DISPLAY_WIDTH), DISPLAY_HEIGHT, True,self.colour) # Creates the firework particleself.exploded = Falseself.particles = []self.min_max_particles = vector(100, 225)def update(self, win): # called every frameif not self.exploded:self.firework.apply_force(gravity)self.firework.move()for tf in self.firework.trails:tf.show(win)self.show(win)if self.firework.vel.y >= 0:self.exploded = Trueself.explode()else:for particle in self.particles:particle.apply_force(vector(gravity.x + uniform(-1, 1) / 20, gravity.y / 2 + (randint(1, 8) / 100)))particle.move()for t in particle.trails:t.show(win)particle.show(win)def explode(self):# amount 数量amount = randint(self.min_max_particles.x, self.min_max_particles.y)for i in range(amount):self.particles.append(Particle(self.firework.pos.x, self.firework.pos.y, False, self.colours))def show(self, win):pygame.draw.circle(win, self.colour, (int(self.firework.pos.x), int(self.firework.pos.y)), self.firework.size)def remove(self):if self.exploded:for p in self.particles:if p.remove is True:self.particles.remove(p)if len(self.particles) == 0:return Trueelse:return Falseclass Particle:def __init__(self, x, y, firework, colour):self.firework = fireworkself.pos = vector(x, y)self.origin = vector(x, y)self.radius = 20self.remove = Falseself.explosion_radius = randint(5, 18)self.life = 0self.acc = vector(0, 0)# trail variablesself.trails = [] # stores the particles trail objectsself.prev_posx = [-10] * 10 # stores the 10 last positionsself.prev_posy = [-10] * 10 # stores the 10 last positionsif self.firework:self.vel = vector(0, -randint(17, 20))self.size = 5self.colour = colourfor i in range(5):self.trails.append(Trail(i, self.size, True))else:self.vel = vector(uniform(-1, 1), uniform(-1, 1))self.vel.x *= randint(7, self.explosion_radius + 2)self.vel.y *= randint(7, self.explosion_radius + 2)# 向量self.size = randint(2, 4)self.colour = choice(colour)# 5 个 tails总计for i in range(5):self.trails.append(Trail(i, self.size, False))def apply_force(self, force):self.acc += forcedef move(self):if not self.firework:self.vel.x *= 0.8self.vel.y *= 0.8self.vel += self.accself.pos += self.velself.acc *= 0if self.life == 0 and not self.firework: # check if particle is outside explosion radiusdistance = math.sqrt((self.pos.x - self.origin.x) ** 2 + (self.pos.y - self.origin.y) ** 2)if distance > self.explosion_radius:self.remove = Trueself.decay()self.trail_update()self.life += 1def show(self, win):pygame.draw.circle(win, (self.colour[0], self.colour[1], self.colour[2], 0), (int(self.pos.x), int(self.pos.y)),self.size)def decay(self): # random decay of the particlesif 50 > self.life > 10: # early stage their is a small chance of decayran = randint(0, 30)if ran == 0:self.remove = Trueelif self.life > 50:ran = randint(0, 5)if ran == 0:self.remove = Truedef trail_update(self):self.prev_posx.pop()self.prev_posx.insert(0, int(self.pos.x))self.prev_posy.pop()self.prev_posy.insert(0, int(self.pos.y))for n, t in enumerate(self.trails):if t.dynamic:t.get_pos(self.prev_posx[n + dynamic_offset], self.prev_posy[n + dynamic_offset])else:t.get_pos(self.prev_posx[n + static_offset], self.prev_posy[n + static_offset])class Trail:def __init__(self, n, size, dynamic):self.pos_in_line = nself.pos = vector(-10, -10)self.dynamic = dynamicif self.dynamic:self.colour = trail_colours[n]self.size = int(size - n / 2)else:self.colour = (255, 255, 200)self.size = size - 2if self.size < 0:self.size = 0def get_pos(self, x, y):self.pos = vector(x, y)def show(self, win):pygame.draw.circle(win, self.colour, (int(self.pos.x), int(self.pos.y)), self.size)def update(win, fireworks):for fw in fireworks:fw.update(win)if fw.remove():fireworks.remove(fw)pygame.display.update()def main():pygame.init()pygame.font.init()pygame.display.set_caption("Fireworks in Pygame") # 标题background = pygame.image.load("img/1.png") # 背景myfont = pygame.font.Font("img/simkai.ttf",80)myfont1 = pygame.font.Font("img/simkai.ttf", 30)testsurface = myfont.render("新年快乐",False,(251, 59, 85))testsurface1 = myfont1.render("By:Python代码大全", False, (251, 59, 85))# pygame.image.load("")win = pygame.display.set_mode((DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT))# win.blit(background)clock = pygame.time.Clock()fireworks = [Firework() for i in range(2)] # create the first fireworksrunning = Truewhile running:clock.tick(60)for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:running = Falseif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: # Change game speed with number keysif event.key == pygame.K_1: # 按下 1fireworks.append(Firework())if event.key == pygame.K_2: # 按下 2 加入10个烟花for i in range(10):fireworks.append(Firework())win.fill((20, 20, 30)) # draw backgroundwin.blit(background,(0,0))win.blit(testsurface,(200,30))win.blit(testsurface1, (520,80))if randint(0, 20) == 1: # create new fireworkfireworks.append(Firework())update(win, fireworks)# stats for fun# total_particles = 0# for f in fireworks:# total_particles += len(f.particles)# print(f"Fireworks: {len(fireworks)}\nParticles: {total_particles}\n\n")pygame.quit()quit()
main()
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