本文使用OpenLayers最新版本V5.3.0演示：如何使用OpenLayer完美无偏移加载百度离线瓦片地图。OpenLayers 5.3.0下载地址为：/openlayers/openlayers/releases/download/v5.3.0/v5.3.0-dist.zip。
使用OpenLayer加载百度地图离线瓦片地图
任意新建空目录命名为geTileMap；解压v5.3.0-dist.zip并复制其中ol.js、ol.css文件至geTileMap目录；geTileMap目录下新建tiles空目录，并复制之前下载的12~18级演示瓦片至tiles目录；最后新建名为index.html文件。
完成上述操作后，目录结构如下：
打开index.html输入如下源码：
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Openlayer Tile Map</title><link type="text/css" href="ol.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script type="text/javascript" src="ol.js" charset="utf-8"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/ol/bd09.js" charset="utf-8"></script></head><body><div id="map" style="width: 100%"></div><script>/*定义百度投影，这是实现无偏移加载百度地图离线瓦片核心所在。网上很多相关资料在用OpenLayers加载百度地图离线瓦片时都认为投影就是EPSG:3857(也就是Web墨卡托投影)。事实上这是错误的，因此无法做到无偏移加载。百度地图有自己独特的投影体系，必须在OpenLayers中自定义百度投影，才能实现无偏移加载。百度投影实现的核心文件为bd09.js，在迈高图官网可以找到查看这个文件。*/var projBD09 = new ol.proj.Projection({code: 'BD:09',extent: [-7726.37, -11708041.66, 7726.37, 12474104.17],units: 'm',axisOrientation: 'neu',global: false});ol.proj.addProjection(projBD09);ol.proj.addCoordinateTransforms("EPSG:4326", "BD:09",function (coordinate) {return lngLatToMercator(coordinate);},function (coordinate) {return mercatorToLngLat(coordinate);});/*定义百度地图分辨率与瓦片网格*/var resolutions = [];for (var i = 0; i <= 18; i++) {resolutions[i] = Math.pow(2, 18 - i);}var tilegrid = new ol.tilegrid.TileGrid({origin: [0, 0],resolutions: resolutions});/*加载百度地图离线瓦片不能用ol.source.XYZ，ol.source.XYZ针对谷歌地图（注意：是谷歌地图）而设计，而百度地图与谷歌地图使用了不同的投影、分辨率和瓦片网格。因此这里使用ol.source.TileImage来自行指定投影、分辨率、瓦片网格。*/var source = new ol.source.TileImage({projection: "BD:09",tileGrid: tilegrid,tileUrlFunction: function (tileCoord, pixelRatio, proj) {//openlayer5的版本var z = tileCoord[0];var x = tileCoord[1];var y = tileCoord[2];// return "http://192.168.1.13:8080/mapImg/2/V1/"+z+"/"+x+"/"+y+".png";//return 'tiles/' + z + '/' + x + '/' + y + '.png';return "/tile/?qt=vtile&x=" + x + "&y=" + y + "&z=" + z + "&styles=pl&scaler=1&udt=0506&from=jsapi3_0";//openlayers6的版本//let z = tileCoord[0];// let x = tileCoord[1];//let y = -tileCoord[2]-1;// if(x<0) x = "M"+(-x);// if(y<0) y = "M"+(-y);}});var mapLayer = new ol.layer.Tile({source: source});new ol.Map({layers: [mapLayer],view: new ol.View({center: ol.proj.transform([113.03914, 28.20354], 'EPSG:4326', 'BD:09'),projection: 'BD:09',zoom: 14}),target: 'map'});</script></body></html>
bd09.js
var MCBAND = [12890594.86, 8362377.87, 5591021, 3481989.83,1678043.12, 0];var LLBAND = [75, 60, 45, 30, 15, 0];var MC2LL = [[1.410526172116255e-8, 0.00000898305509648872, -1.9939833816331, 200.9824383106796, -187.2403703815547, 91.6087516669843, -23.38765649603339, 2.57121317296198, -0.03801003308653, 17337981.2],[-7.435856389565537e-9, 0.000008983055097726239, -0.7862586289, 96.32687599759846, -1.85204757529826, -59.36935905485877,47.40033549296737, -16.50741931063887,2.28786674699375, 10260144.86],[-3.030883460898826e-8, 0.00000898305509983578,0.30071316287616, 59.74293618442277,7.357984074871, -25.38371002664745,13.45380521110908, -3.29883767235584,0.32710905363475, 6856817.37],[-1.981981304930552e-8, 0.000008983055099779535,0.03278182852591, 40.31678527705744,0.65659298677277, -4.44255534477492,0.85341911805263, 0.12923347998204, -0.04625736007561, 4482777.06],[3.09191371068437e-9, 0.000008983055096812155,0.00006995724062, 23.10934304144901, -0.00023663490511, -0.6321817810242, -0.00663494467273, 0.03430082397953, -0.00466043876332, 2555164.4],[2.890871144776878e-9, 0.000008983055095805407, -3.068298e-8, 7.47137025468032, -0.00000353937994, -0.02145144861037, -0.00001234426596, 0.00010322952773, -0.00000323890364, 826088.5]];var LL2MC = [[-0.0015702102444, 111320.7020616939,1704480524535203, -10338987376042340,26112667856603880, -35149669176653700,26595700718403920, -10725012454188240,1800819912950474, 82.5],[0.0008277824516172526, 111320.7020463578,647795574.6671607, -408173.641316,10774905663.51142, -15171875531.51559,12053065338.62167, -5124939663.577472,913311935.9512032, 67.5],[0.00337398766765, 111320.702162,4481351.045890365, -23393751.19931662,79682215.47186455, -115964993.2797253,97236711.15602145, -43661946.33752821,8477230.501135234, 52.5],[0.00220636496208, 111320.709128,51751.86112841131, 3796837.749470245,99.7397791013, -1221952.21711287,1340652.697009075, -620943.6990984312,144416.9293806241, 37.5],[-0.0003441963504368392, 111320.7020576856,278.2353980772752, 2485758.690035394,6070.750963243378, 54821.18345352118,9540.606633304236, -2710.55326746645,1405.483844121726, 22.5],[-0.0003218135878613132, 111320.7020701615,0.00369383431289, 823725.6402795718,0.46104986909093, 2351.343141331292,1.58060784298199, 8.77738589078284,0.37238884252424, 7.45]];function lngLatToMercator(T) {var c = new cd(T[0], T[1]);var r = convertLL2MC(c);return [r.lng, r.lat];}function mercatorToLngLat(T) {var c = new cd(T[0], T[1]);var r = convertMC2LL(c);return [r.lng, r.lat];}function convertLL2MC(T) {var cL, cN;T.lng = getLoop(T.lng, -180, 180);T.lat = getRange(T.lat, -74, 74);cL = new cd(T.lng, T.lat);for(var cM = 0; cM < LLBAND.length; cM++) {if(cL.lat >= LLBAND[cM]) {cN = LL2MC[cM];break}}if(!cN) {for(var cM = LLBAND.length - 1; cM >= 0; cM--) {if(cL.lat <= -LLBAND[cM]) {cN = LL2MC[cM];break}}}var cO = convertor(T, cN);var T = new cd(cO.lng.toFixed(2), cO.lat.toFixed(2));return T}function convertMC2LL(cL) {var cM, cO;cM = new cd(Math.abs(cL.lng), Math.abs(cL.lat));for(var cN = 0; cN < MCBAND.length; cN++) {if(cM.lat >= MCBAND[cN]) {cO = MC2LL[cN];break}}var T = convertor(cL, cO);var cL = new cd(T.lng.toFixed(6), T.lat.toFixed(6));return cL}function getRange(cM, cL, T) {if(cL != null) {cM = Math.max(cM, cL)}if(T != null) {cM = Math.min(cM, T)}return cM}function getLoop(cM, cL, T) {while(cM > T) {cM -= T - cL}while(cM < cL) {cM += T - cL}return cM}function convertor(cM, cN) {if(!cM || !cN) {return}var T = cN[0] + cN[1] * Math.abs(cM.lng);var cL = Math.abs(cM.lat) / cN[9];var cO = cN[2] + cN[3] * cL + cN[4] * cL * cL + cN[5] * cL *cL * cL + cN[6] * cL * cL * cL * cL + cN[7] * cL *cL * cL * cL * cL + cN[8] * cL * cL * cL * cL *cL * cL;T *= (cM.lng < 0 ? -1 : 1);cO *= (cM.lat < 0 ? -1 : 1);return new cd(T, cO)}function cd(T, cL) {if(isNaN(T)) {T = bV(T);T = isNaN(T) ? 0 : T}if(b3(T)) {T = parseFloat(T)}if(isNaN(cL)) {cL = bV(cL);cL = isNaN(cL) ? 0 : cL}if(b3(cL)) {cL = parseFloat(cL)}this.lng = T;this.lat = cL}cd.isInRange = function(T) {return T && T.lng <= 180 && T.lng >= -180 && T.lat <= 74 &&T.lat >= -74};cd.prototype.equals = function(T) {return T && lat == T.lat && lng == T.lng};function bV(cN) {var cL = "";var cU, cS, cQ = "";var cT, cR, cP, cO = "";var cM = 0;var T = /[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g;if(!cN || T.exec(cN)) {return cN}cN = cN.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, "");do {cT = cf.indexOf(cN.charAt(cM++));cR = cf.indexOf(cN.charAt(cM++));cP = cf.indexOf(cN.charAt(cM++));cO = cf.indexOf(cN.charAt(cM++));cU = (cT << 2) | (cR >> 4);cS = ((cR & 15) << 4) | (cP >> 2);cQ = ((cP & 3) << 6) | cO;cL = cL + String.fromCharCode(cU);if(cP != 64) {cL = cL + String.fromCharCode(cS)}if(cO != 64) {cL = cL + String.fromCharCode(cQ)}cU = cS = cQ = "";cT = cR = cP = cO = ""} while (cM < cN.length);return cL}function b3(T) {return typeof T == "string"}
保存后浏览器中运行演示OpenLayer完美无偏移加载百度离线瓦片地图效果。下图为Chrome中运行实例截图和局部放大后截图：
如需要定位的话，添加以下方法：
function searchPoint(_point) {_point = tobdMap(_point.split(","));//如果传入的是火星坐标系的话，要转成百度坐标系var point = new ol.Feature({geometry:new ol.geom.Point(ol.proj.fromLonLat(_point, 'BD:09'))})// 将经纬度转成BD:09投影，此投影需引入bd09.jspoint.setStyle(new ol.style.Style({image:new ol.style.Icon({anchor: [0.5, 1],src:basePath + "/img/localpoint.png"})}));pointSource.clear();pointSource.addFeature(point);map.setView(new ol.View({center:ol.proj.transform(_point, 'EPSG:4326', 'EPSG:3857'),zoom:8,maxZoom:19}));};//火星坐标系转百度坐标系function tobdMap(coordinate) {let x_pi = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0;let x = coordinate[0];let y = coordinate[1];let z = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * Math.sin(y * x_pi);let theta = Math.atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * Math.cos(x * x_pi);let lngs = z * Math.cos(theta) + 0.0065;let lats = z * Math.sin(theta) + 0.006;let zb=[];zb[0]=lngs;zb[1]=lats;return zb;}
