1200字范文 > Python 发送邮件 email 模块 smtplib 模块

Python 发送邮件 email 模块 smtplib 模块

时间：2019-01-04 15:59:46

____tz_zs

SMTP

email 模块：负则构造邮件

smtplib 模块：负则发送邮件

一、发送纯文本邮件

from email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport reimport smtplib# 发送者、接收者from_addr = 'xxxname@'password = 'zzz'to_addrs = 'xxxxto@'# 服务器、端口smtp_host = 'smtp.' # SMTP 服务器主机smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服务器端口号# 创建 SMTP 对象smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)#创建 MIMEText 对象msg = MIMEText(_text="My email content, hello！", _subtype="plain", _charset="utf-8") # _text="邮件内容"msg["Subject"] = Header(s="The title", charset="utf-8") # 标题msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 发送者msg["To"] = Header(s=to_addrs) # 接收者print(msg.as_string())"""Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"MIME-Version: 1.0Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64Subject: =?utf-8?q?The_title?=From: xxxname@To: xxxx@TXkgZW1haWwgY29udGVudCwgaGVsbG/vvIE="""# 使用 SMTP 对象登录、发送邮件smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())smtp_obj.quit()

MIMEText 对象

MIMEText 类是 MIMENonMultipart 类的子类，用于生成文本类型的邮件。邮件由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成。

MIMEText(_text=“My email content, hello！”, _subtype=“plain”, _charset=“utf-8”)

参数：

_text="" 为邮件内容
_subtype=“plain” 设置文本格式。默认为普通（plain）
_charset=“utf-8” 设置字符编码格式，默认为 us-ascii。从源码可看出，当 _test 中包含 ascii 之外的字符，则将使用 utf-8 编码

MIMENonMultipart源码:

由源码可知，此类及其子类不能调用 attach 函数添加额外的 part。

MIMENonMultipart 的子类有：

MIMEImage: generating image/* type MIME documents.MIMEAudio: generating audio/* MIME documents.MIMEApplication: generating application/* MIME documents.MIMEMessage: representing message/* MIME documents.MIMEText: generating text/* type MIME documents.

class MIMEText(MIMENonMultipart):"""Class for generating text/* type MIME documents."""def __init__(self, _text, _subtype='plain', _charset=None):"""Create a text/* type MIME document._text is the string for this message object._subtype is the MIME sub content type, defaulting to "plain"._charset is the character set parameter added to the Content-Typeheader. This defaults to "us-ascii". Note that as a side-effect, theContent-Transfer-Encoding header will also be set."""# If no _charset was specified, check to see if there are non-ascii# characters present. If not, use 'us-ascii', otherwise use utf-8.# XXX: This can be removed once #7304 is fixed.if _charset is None:try:_text.encode('us-ascii')_charset = 'us-ascii'except UnicodeEncodeError:_charset = 'utf-8'if isinstance(_charset, Charset):_charset = str(_charset)MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'text', _subtype,**{'charset': _charset})self.set_payload(_text, _charset)class MIMENonMultipart(MIMEBase):"""Base class for MIME non-multipart type messages."""def attach(self, payload):# The public API prohibits attaching multiple subparts to MIMEBase# derived subtypes since none of them are, by definition, of content# type multipart/*raise errors.MultipartConversionError('Cannot attach additional subparts to non-multipart/*')

sendmail()函数

sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[])

参数：

from_addr: 发出邮件的地址

to_addrs: 一个list，包括要发送邮件的邮箱地址。也可以是一个字符串，这时会被当成长度为1的list。

msg: 消息

二、发送HTML邮件

只需在创建 MIMEText 时，将 _subtype 设置为 “html”，则可发送 html 格式的邮件，其他步骤和发送纯文本邮件一致。

如果要同时发送邮件给多个目标邮箱，只需使用 list 包裹多个邮箱地址即可。需要注意的是，邮件的 “To” 字段部分需要的是字符串。

# 发送者、接收者from_addr = 'xxxuser@'password = 'xxxpassword'# to_addrs = "zzz@"to_addrs = 'zzz@'# 创建 SMTP 对象smtp_host = 'smtp.' # SMTP 服务器主机smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服务器端口号smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)str = """<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><h1 align="center">html 标题</h1><p>正文</p><br><a href="/" target="_blank" title="点击跳转到百度">一个超链接</a><br></body></html>"""msg = MIMEText(_text=str, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8") # _text="邮件内容"msg["Subject"] = Header(s="发送 html 邮件", charset="utf-8") # 标题msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 发送者msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs)) # 接收者print(msg.as_string())"""Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"MIME-Version: 1.0Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64Subject: =?utf-8?b?5Y+R6YCBIGh0bWwg6YKu5Lu2?=From: xxxuser@To: yyy@; yyy@CjxodG1sPgogICAgPGhlYWQ+CiAgICAgICAgPG1ldGEgY2hhcnNldD0iVVRGLTgiPgogICAgPC9oZWFkPgogICAgPGJvZHk+CiAgICA8aDEgYWxpZ249ImNlbnRlciI+aHRtbCDmoIfpopg8L2gxPgogICAgPHA+5q2j5paHPC9wPgogICAgPGJyPgogICAgPGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFpZHUuY29tLyIgdGFyZ2V0PSJfYmxhbmsiIHRpdGxlPSLngrnlh7vot7PovazliLDnmb7luqYiPuS4gOS4qui2hemTvuaOpTwvYT4KICAgIDxicj4KICAgIDwvYm9keT4KPC9odG1sPgo="""# 使用 SMTP 对象发送邮件smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())smtp_obj.quit()

三、发送带附件的邮件

#!/usr/bin/python2.7# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-"""@author: tz_zs"""from email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport smtplib# 发送者、接收者from_addr = 'xxxsend@'password = '12345678'to_addrs = ['zzz@', 'zzz@']# 创建 SMTP 对象smtp_host = 'smtp.' # SMTP 服务器主机smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服务器端口号smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)str = """<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><h1 align="center">html 标题</h1><p>正文</p><br><a href="/" target="_blank" title="点击跳转到百度">一个超链接</a><br></body></html>"""msg = MIMEMultipart()msg["Subject"] = Header(s="发送带附件的邮件", charset="utf-8") # 标题msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 发送者msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs)) # 接收者# 邮件正文msg.attach(payload=MIMEText(_text="My email content, hello！", _subtype="plain", _charset="utf-8"))# 附件1file_path = 'test.xls'att1 = MIMEText(_text=open(file_path, "rb").read(), _subtype="base64", _charset="utf-8")att1["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"att1["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=%s" % file_path # filename 可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字。但是不要写中文msg.attach(payload=att1)# 附件2file_path2 = 'a.png'att2 = MIMEText(_text=open(file_path2, "rb").read(), _subtype="base64", _charset="utf-8")att2["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"att2["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=%s" % file_path2 # filename 可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字。但是不要写中文msg.attach(payload=att2)print(msg.as_string())"""Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============0753960931152521813=="MIME-Version: 1.0Subject: =?utf-8?b?5Y+R6YCB5bim6ZmE5Lu255qE6YKu5Lu2?=From: xxxsend@To: zzz@; zzz@--===============0753960931152521813==Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"MIME-Version: 1.0Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64TXkgZW1haWwgY29udGVudCwgaGVsbG/vvIE=--===============0753960931152521813==Content-Type: text/base64; charset="utf-8"MIME-Version: 1.0Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64Content-Type: application/octet-streamContent-Disposition: attachment; filename=test.xls.................."""# 使用 SMTP 对象发送邮件smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())smtp_obj.quit()

四、发送带图片展示的邮件

def send_img_mail(self):"""用于发送带图片的邮件"""# 发送者、接收者from_addr = 'xxx@'password = 'xyz'to_addrs = ["bbb@", "jjj@", "ccc@", ]# 创建 SMTP 对象smtp_host = 'smtp.' # SMTP 服务器主机smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服务器端口号smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)msg = MIMEMultipart()msg["Subject"] = Header(s="发送带图片显示的邮件", charset="utf-8") # 标题msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 发送者msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs)) # 接收者# 邮件正文message = """<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><h1 align="center">状态监控</h1><b>本邮件发送时间： %s</b><br><b>状态报告： %s</b><h3>走势：</h3><p><img src="cid:image1"></p></body></html>""" % (ToolDate.get_ymdhms_string(), self.df.to_html())# 创建 MIMEText ，并加入msgmsg.attach(payload=MIMEText(_text=message, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8"))# 加载图片内容，创建 MIMEImagefp = open(self.path_output_open + "zusd_value_portfolio.png", 'rb')msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())fp.close()# 定义图片 ID，与 HTML 文本中的引用id一致msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')# 加入msgmsg.attach(msgImage)# 使用 SMTP 对象发送邮件smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())smtp_obj.quit()