android将彩图转为黑白_android 彩色图片二值化转可打印的点阵黑白图

最近有一个需求，需要在手机上生成黑白图传给蓝牙设备显示出来。

一开始我在网上找了一个转黑白图片的方法，这个方法的逻辑是 用127做临界值，来判断灰度图的灰度是否比他大，大就打白，小就打黑，代码和效果图如下

/**

* 转为二值图像

*

* @param bmp 原图bitmap

*

* @return

*/

private fun convertToBMW(bmp: Bitmap, tmp:Int=130): Bitmap {

val width = bmp.width // 获取位图的宽

val height = bmp.height // 获取位图的高

val pixels = IntArray(width * height) // 通过位图的大小创建像素点数组

// 设定二值化的域值，默认值为100

//tmp = 180;

bmp.getPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height)

var alpha = 0xFF shl 24

for (i in 0 until height) {

for (j in 0 until width) {

val grey = pixels[width * i + j]

// 分离三原色

alpha = grey and -0x1000000 shr 24

var red = grey and 0x00FF0000 shr 16

var green = grey and 0x0000FF00 shr 8

var blue = grey and 0x000000FF

if (red > tmp) {

red = 255

} else {

red = 0

}

if (blue > tmp) {

blue = 255

} else {

blue = 0

}

if (green > tmp) {

green = 255

} else {

green = 0

}

pixels[width * i + j] = (alpha shl 24 or (red shl 16) or (green shl 8)

or blue)

if (pixels[width * i + j] == -1) {

pixels[width * i + j] = -1

} else {

pixels[width * i + j] = -16777216

}

}

}

// 新建图片

val newBmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)

// 设置图片数据

newBmp.setPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height)

val bitmap = ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(newBmp, width, height)

imageView5.setImageBitmap(bitmap)

return bitmap

}

黑白效果图

这种方式有一个问题，要么一大片白色要么一大片黑色，效果不是很理想。如果打印出来根本认不出来这是谁。

后面了解到Floyd-Steinberg算法，它是利用误差的扩散算法的Floyd-Steinberg抖动算法来对图像进行二值化处理。

例如，灰度如的灰度值为g，误差值为e。遍历每个像素值，灰度如果大于m(127，或者像素灰度平均值，看你喜欢)，那么pixels【i】=#ffffffff，打白，e=g-255；否则，打黑，pixels【i】=#ff000000，e=g；然后，这个像素点的右边，下边，和右下方的像素点，对应的加上3e/8,3e/8,e/4。最后你的到的像素数组在转成bitmap，就是抖动的单色图了。效果图如下

//抖动算法来对图像进行二值化处理

private fun convertGreyImgByFloyd(img: Bitmap): Bitmap {

val width = img.width //获取位图的宽

val height = img.height //获取位图的高

val pixels = IntArray(width * height) //通过位图的大小创建像素点数组

img.getPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height)

val gray = IntArray(height * width)

for (i in 0 until height) {

for (j in 0 until width) {

val grey = pixels[width * i + j]

val red = grey and 0x00FF0000 shr 16

gray[width * i + j] = red

}

}

var e = 0

for (i in 0 until height) {

for (j in 0 until width) {

val g = gray[width * i + j]

if (g >= 128) {

pixels[width * i + j] = -0x1

e = g - 255

} else {

pixels[width * i + j] = -0x1000000

e = g - 0

}

if (j < width - 1 && i < height - 1) {

//右边像素处理

gray[width * i + j + 1] += 3 * e / 8

//下

gray[width * (i + 1) + j] += 3 * e / 8

//右下

gray[width * (i + 1) + j + 1] += e / 4

} else if (j == width - 1 && i < height - 1) {//靠右或靠下边的像素的情况

//下方像素处理

gray[width * (i + 1) + j] += 3 * e / 8

} else if (j < width - 1 && i == height - 1) {

//右边像素处理

gray[width * i + j + 1] += e / 4

}

}

}

val mBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.RGB_565)

mBitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height)

imageView5.setImageBitmap(mBitmap)

saveBmp(mBitmap)

return mBitmap

}

效果图

现在的效果达到了要求，后面可以把它转成单色图，通过传每一个像素给蓝牙设备显示出来。

转成bmp图片，保存到手机

/**

* 将Bitmap存为 .bmp格式图片

* @param bitmap

*/

private fun saveBmp(bitmap: Bitmap?) {

if (bitmap == null)

return

// 位图大小

val nBmpWidth = bitmap.width

val nBmpHeight = bitmap.height

// 图像数据大小

val bufferSize = nBmpHeight * (nBmpWidth * 3 + nBmpWidth % 4)

try {

// 存储文件名

val filename = "/sdcard/test${Random.nextInt(1000)}.bmp"

val file = File(filename)

if (!file.exists()) {

file.createNewFile()

}

val fileos = FileOutputStream(filename)

// bmp文件头

val bfType = 0x4d42

val bfSize = (14 + 40 + bufferSize).toLong()

val bfReserved1 = 0

val bfReserved2 = 0

val bfOffBits = (14 + 40).toLong()

// 保存bmp文件头

writeWord(fileos, bfType)

writeDword(fileos, bfSize)

writeWord(fileos, bfReserved1)

writeWord(fileos, bfReserved2)

writeDword(fileos, bfOffBits)

// bmp信息头

val biSize = 40L

val biWidth = nBmpWidth.toLong()

val biHeight = nBmpHeight.toLong()

val biPlanes = 1

val biBitCount = 24

val biCompression = 0L

val biSizeImage = 0L

val biXpelsPerMeter = 0L

val biYPelsPerMeter = 0L

val biClrUsed = 0L

val biClrImportant = 0L

// 保存bmp信息头

writeDword(fileos, biSize)

writeLong(fileos, biWidth)

writeLong(fileos, biHeight)

writeWord(fileos, biPlanes)

writeWord(fileos, biBitCount)

writeDword(fileos, biCompression)

writeDword(fileos, biSizeImage)

writeLong(fileos, biXpelsPerMeter)

writeLong(fileos, biYPelsPerMeter)

writeDword(fileos, biClrUsed)

writeDword(fileos, biClrImportant)

// 像素扫描

val bmpData = ByteArray(bufferSize)

val wWidth = nBmpWidth * 3 + nBmpWidth % 4

var nCol = 0

var nRealCol = nBmpHeight - 1

while (nCol < nBmpHeight) {

run {

var wRow = 0

var wByteIdex = 0

while (wRow < nBmpWidth) {

val clr = bitmap.getPixel(wRow, nCol)

bmpData[nRealCol * wWidth + wByteIdex] = Color.blue(clr).toByte()

bmpData[nRealCol * wWidth + wByteIdex + 1] = Color.green(clr).toByte()

bmpData[nRealCol * wWidth + wByteIdex + 2] = Color.red(clr).toByte()

wRow++

wByteIdex += 3

}

}

++nCol

--nRealCol

}

fileos.write(bmpData)

fileos.flush()

fileos.close()

} catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {

e.printStackTrace()

} catch (e: IOException) {

e.printStackTrace()

}

}

@Throws(IOException::class)

protected fun writeWord(stream: FileOutputStream, value: Int) {

val b = ByteArray(2)

b[0] = (value and 0xff).toByte()

b[1] = (value shr 8 and 0xff).toByte()

stream.write(b)

}

@Throws(IOException::class)

protected fun writeDword(stream: FileOutputStream, value: Long) {

val b = ByteArray(4)

b[0] = (value and 0xff).toByte()

b[1] = (value shr 8 and 0xff).toByte()

b[2] = (value shr 16 and 0xff).toByte()

b[3] = (value shr 24 and 0xff).toByte()

stream.write(b)

}

@Throws(IOException::class)

protected fun writeLong(stream: FileOutputStream, value: Long) {

val b = ByteArray(4)

b[0] = (value and 0xff).toByte()

b[1] = (value shr 8 and 0xff).toByte()

b[2] = (value shr 16 and 0xff).toByte()

b[3] = (value shr 24 and 0xff).toByte()

stream.write(b)

}

End！