在学校大一实训中，我的实训项目就是使用python爬取天气数据并且实现gui图形界面的设计。
实训结束了，希望自己的代码可以帮助大家的学习。（代码是大一时候写的，比较青涩，大家多包涵）
第一个部分是getdata的部分，就是爬取数据，并将数据存放在csv文件中
（爬取数据为指定城市5天的天气情况，包括：日期，天气，最高温度，最低温度，风向，风级，当天天气小贴士）
# Author:吼吼# -*- codeing=utf-8 -*-# @Time :/8/21 10:24# @File: getdata.py# @Software:PyCharm# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllib.requestimport csvimport jsonimport gzip # 解压、压缩的模块cityname = input("请输入：")# 访问的url，其中urllib.parse.quote是将城市名转换为url的组件url = '/weather_mini?city=' + urllib.parse.quote(cityname)print(urllib.parse.quote(cityname))# 发出请求并读取到weather_dataweather_data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read()# 以utf-8的编码方式解压数据weather_data = gzip.decompress(weather_data).decode('utf-8')# 将json数据转化为dict数据weather_dict = json.loads(weather_data)print(weather_dict)if weather_dict.get('desc') == 'invilad-citykey':print("输入的城市名有误")elif weather_dict.get('desc') == 'OK':forecast = weather_dict.get('data').get('forecast')day1 = [weather_dict.get('data').get('city'), forecast[0].get('date'), forecast[0].get('type')]high = (str(forecast[0].get('high'))).replace("℃", '')day1.append(high.replace("高温 ", ""))low = (str(forecast[0].get('low'))).replace("℃", '')day1.append(low.replace("低温 ", ""))day1.append(forecast[0].get('fengxiang'))day1.append(forecast[0].get('fengli'))day1.append(weather_dict.get('data').get('ganmao'))wendu = weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu')day1.append(wendu)print(day1)day2 = [weather_dict.get('data').get('city'), forecast[1].get('date'), forecast[1].get('type')]high = (str(forecast[1].get('high'))).replace("℃", '')day2.append(high.replace("高温 ", ""))low = (str(forecast[1].get('low'))).replace("℃", '')day2.append(low.replace("低温 ", ""))day2.append(forecast[1].get('fengxiang'))day2.append(forecast[1].get('fengli'))print(day2)day3 = [weather_dict.get('data').get('city'), forecast[2].get('date'), forecast[2].get('type')]high = (str(forecast[2].get('high'))).replace("℃", '')day3.append(high.replace("高温 ", ""))low = (str(forecast[2].get('low'))).replace("℃", '')day3.append(low.replace("低温 ", ""))day3.append(forecast[2].get('fengxiang'))day3.append(forecast[2].get('fengli'))print(day3)day4 = [weather_dict.get('data').get('city'), forecast[3].get('date'), forecast[3].get('type')]high = (str(forecast[3].get('high'))).replace("℃", '')day4.append(high.replace("高温 ", ""))low = (str(forecast[3].get('low'))).replace("℃", '')day4.append(low.replace("低温 ", ""))day4.append(forecast[3].get('fengxiang'))day4.append(forecast[3].get('fengli'))print(day4)day5 = [weather_dict.get('data').get('city'), forecast[4].get('date'), forecast[4].get('type')]high = (str(forecast[4].get('high'))).replace("℃", '')day5.append(high.replace("高温 ", ""))low = (str(forecast[4].get('low'))).replace("℃", '')day5.append(low.replace("低温 ", ""))day5.append(forecast[4].get('fengxiang'))day5.append(forecast[4].get('fengli'))print(day5)def write_to_csv(file_name, data1, data2, data3, data4, data5):"""保存为csv文件"""with open(file_name, 'a', encoding="utf-8", newline="", errors='ignore') as f:header = ['城市', '日期', '天气', '最高气温', '最低气温', '风向', '风级', '感冒小贴士', '现在温度']f_csv = csv.writer(f)f_csv.writerow(header)f_csv.writerow(data1)f_csv.writerow(data2)f_csv.writerow(data3)f_csv.writerow(data4)f_csv.writerow(data5)f.close()write_to_csv("weather_data1.csv", day1, day2, day3, day4, day5)csv = "weather_data1.csv"
运行getdata.py文件
得到数据
第二的部分就是数据可视化的部分（将爬取到的数据进行可视化操作，绘制“未来5天气候分布饼图”，“未来5天风级图”，“未来5天高温低温变化曲线图”和“未来5天高温低温变化柱形图”
# Author:吼吼# -*- codeing=utf-8 -*-# @Time :/8/21 10:24# @File: dataAnalysis.py# @Software:PyCharmimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npimport pandas as pdfrom datetime import timedelta, datetimetimes = []def tem1(data): # 未来5天高温低温变化柱形图绘制# 这两行代码解决 plt 中文显示的问题plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False# 输入统计数据tem_high = list(data['最高气温'])tem_low = list(data['最低气温'])bar_width = 0.3 # 条形宽度index_high = np.arange(len(times))index_low = index_high + bar_width# 使用两次 bar 函数画出两组条形图plt.bar(index_high, height=tem_high, width=bar_width, color='red', label='高温')plt.bar(index_low, height=tem_low, width=bar_width, color='lightblue', label='低温')plt.legend() # 显示图例plt.xticks(index_high + bar_width / 2, times)plt.ylabel('温度') # 纵坐标轴标题plt.title('高温低温柱形图') # 图形标题plt.savefig("./未来5天高温低温变化柱形图.jpg")plt.show()plt.close()def tem_curve(data):"""温度曲线绘制"""today = datetime.today()day = today.strftime('%m%d')for i in range(0, 5):day = today.strftime('%m%d')if day[0] == '0' and day[2] != '0':d = day[1] + '月' + day[2:] + '日'elif day[0] == '0' and day[2] == '0':d = day[1] + '月' + day[3] + '日'elif day[0] != '0' and day[2] == '0':d = day[0:2] + '月' + day[3] + '日'else:d = day[0:2] + '月' + day[2:] + '日'times.append(d)today = today + timedelta(+1)tem_low = list(data['最低气温'])tem_high = list(data['最高气温'])tem_high_ave = sum(tem_high) / 5 # 求平均高温tem_low_ave = sum(tem_low) / 5 # 求平均低温tem_max = max(tem_high)tem_max_date = tem_high.index(tem_max) # 求最高温度tem_min = min(tem_low)tem_min_date = tem_low.index(tem_min) # 求最低温度x = range(1, 6)plt.figure(1)plt.plot(x, tem_high, color='red', label='高温') # 画出高温度曲线plt.scatter(x, tem_high, color='red') # 点出每个时刻的温度点plt.plot(x, tem_low, color='blue', label='低温') # 画出低温度曲线plt.scatter(x, tem_low, color='blue') # 点出每个时刻的温度点plt.plot([1, 6], [tem_high_ave, tem_high_ave], c='black', linestyle='--') # 画出平均温度虚线plt.plot([1, 6], [tem_low_ave, tem_low_ave], c='black', linestyle='--') # 画出平均温度虚线plt.legend()plt.text(tem_max_date + 0.15, tem_max + 0.15, str(tem_max), ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5) # 标出最高温度plt.text(tem_min_date + 0.15, tem_min + 0.15, str(tem_min), ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10.5) # 标出最低温度plt.xticks(x, (times[0], times[1], times[2], times[3], times[4]))plt.title('未来5天高温低温变化曲线图')plt.xlabel('日期')plt.ylabel('摄氏度/℃')plt.savefig("./未来5天高温低温变化曲线图.jpg")plt.close()def change_wind(wind):"""改变风向"""for i in range(0, 5):if wind[i] == "北风":wind[i] = 90elif wind[i] == "南风":wind[i] = 270elif wind[i] == "西风":wind[i] = 180elif wind[i] == "东风":wind[i] = 360elif wind[i] == "东北风":wind[i] = 45elif wind[i] == "西北风":wind[i] = 135elif wind[i] == "西南风":wind[i] = 225elif wind[i] == "东南风":wind[i] = 315return winddef chenge_wind_speed(list):"""将风级转换成风速"""for i in range(0, 5):if list[i] == '<![CDATA[0级]]>':list[i] = 0.1elif list[i] == '<![CDATA[1级]]>':list[i] = 0.9elif list[i] == '<![CDATA[2级]]>':list[i] = 2.5elif list[i] == '<![CDATA[3级]]>':list[i] = 4.4elif list[i] == '<![CDATA[4级]]>':list[i] = 13.4return listdef wind_radar(data):"""风向雷达图"""wind = list(data['风向'])wind_speed = list(data['风级'])wind_speed = chenge_wind_speed(wind_speed)wind = change_wind(wind)degs = np.arange(45, 361, 45) # 起点是45度，终点是361度，间隔是45度temp = []for deg in degs:speed = []# 获取 wind_deg 在指定范围的风速平均值数据for i in range(0, 5):if wind[i] == deg:speed.append(wind_speed[i])if len(speed) == 0:temp.append(0)else:temp.append(sum(speed) / len(speed))print(temp)N = 8theta = np.arange(0. + np.pi / 8, 2 * np.pi + np.pi / 8, 2 * np.pi / 8)# 数据极径radii = np.array(temp)# 绘制极区图坐标系plt.axes(polar=True)# 定义每个扇区的RGB值（R,G,B），x越大，对应的颜色越接近蓝色colors = [(1 - x / max(temp), 1 - x / max(temp), 0.6) for x in radii]plt.bar(theta, radii, width=(2 * np.pi / N), bottom=0.0, color=colors)plt.title('未来5天风级图', x=0.2, fontsize=20)plt.savefig("./未来5天风级图.jpg")plt.close()def weather_pie(data):"""绘制天气饼图"""weather = list(data['天气'])dic_wea = {}for i in range(0, 5):if weather[i] in dic_wea.keys():dic_wea[weather[i]] += 1else:dic_wea[weather[i]] = 1print(dic_wea)explode = [0.01] * len(dic_wea.keys())color = ['lightskyblue', 'silver', 'yellow', 'salmon', 'grey', 'lime', 'gold', 'red', 'green', 'pink']plt.pie(dic_wea.values(), explode=explode, labels=dic_wea.keys(), autopct='%1.1f%%', colors=color)plt.title('未来5天气候分布饼图')plt.savefig("./未来5天气候分布饼图.jpg")plt.close()plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 解决中文显示问题plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决负号显示问题data = pd.read_csv('weather_data1.csv')print(data)tem_curve(data)wind_radar(data)weather_pie(data)tem1(data)
运行dataAnalysis.py文件得到柱形图，曲线图和饼图。
第三部分是gui界面的设计，其中设计有功能按钮：“查询”、“最低、最高温度曲线图”、“微信推送”、“更多”等功能
其中“微信推送”使用了push+的ip实现（具体操作可以自己去push+网站查看(搜索”pushplus(推送加)微信推送消息直达“就可以了）
这里的ip(就是代码中的token)要自己去pushplus上面获取自己的，不然查询的信息就全部发给我了（笑哭）我自从发了这个博客，就已经收到了很多的天气查询信息了。
收到的信息的样式是这样滴：
”更多“功能是使用了中国天气网的链接
（因为我的图片是.jpg的格式，所以我都是使用的canva。）
（welcome图片是我自己设置的背景图片，大家可以自己选定背景图片）
但是鉴于我在发布这篇博客之后，有很多小伙伴都向我要我的背景图片，所以我还是将我的背景图片发布一下
# Author:吼吼# -*- codeing=utf-8 -*-# @Time :/8/21 17:42# @File: gui.py# @Software:PyCharmimport jsonimport tkinter# 注意这个是Python的标准库，就不需要去安装from tkinter import *from tkinter import messageboxfrom datetime import timedelta, datetimeimport matplotlibimport requestsfrom PIL import Imagefrom PIL import ImageTkimport pandas as pdfrom matplotlib import pyplot as pltimport webbrowserdef weChat():curdate = "当前日期:" + times[0] # 得到当前日期city = "当前城市：" + df['城市'][0]htemp = "最高气温：" + str(df['最高气温'][0])ltemp = "最低气温：" + str(df['最低气温'][0])wind = "风向：" + df['风向'][0]pro = "风级：" + df['风级'][0]tips="感冒小贴士："+df["感冒小贴士"][0]text = curdate + '\n' + city + '\n' + htemp + '\n' + ltemp + '\n' + wind + '\n' + pro + '\n' + tips + "\n"token = 'df951a73b8714848b1329b7fad628865' # 在push+网站中可以找到title = '您的天气预报' # 改成你要的标题内容content = text # 改成你要的正文内容url = 'http://www.pushplus.plus/send'data = {"token": token, "title": title, "content": content}body = json.dumps(data).encode(encoding='utf-8')headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}requests.post(url, data=body, headers=headers)def more():webbrowser.open("")def wind():root = tkinter.Toplevel() # 实例化一个子窗口对象root.geometry("600x600") # 设置窗口大小root.resizable(width=False, height=False) # 设置为不可拉伸root.title("风级饼图") # 设置标题canvas1 = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=640, height=580, bg='white') # 设置canvaspil_image1 = Image.open("./未来5天风级图.jpg") # 打开背景图片pil_image_resize1 = pil_image1.resize((640, 480))im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(pil_image_resize1)canvas1.create_image((280, 210), image=im1) # 将图片加载到canvas来canvas1.place(x=10, y=80, width=640, height=580) # 放到子屏幕当中root.mainloop()def climate():root = tkinter.Toplevel() # 实例化一个子窗口对象root.geometry("600x600") # 设置窗口大小root.resizable(width=False, height=False) # 设置为不可拉伸root.title("气候分布饼图") # 设置标题canvas1 = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=640, height=580, bg='white') # 设置canvaspil_image1 = Image.open("./未来5天气候分布饼图.jpg") # 打开背景图片pil_image_resize1 = pil_image1.resize((640, 480))im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(pil_image_resize1)canvas1.create_image((280, 210), image=im1) # 将图片加载到canvas来canvas1.place(x=10, y=80, width=640, height=580) # 放到子屏幕当中root.mainloop()def higtep():canvas1 = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=640, height=480, bg='white') # 设置canvaspil_image1 = Image.open("./未来5天高温低温变化曲线图.jpg") # 打开背景图片pil_image_resize1 = pil_image1.resize((640, 480))im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(pil_image_resize1)canvas1.create_image((320, 220), image=im1) # 将图片加载到canvas来canvas1.place(x=290, y=250, width=640, height=480) # 放到原屏幕当中root.mainloop()def searchWeather():"""查询天气"""if txt_city.get() == '':messagebox.showinfo("提示", "你要先输入城市哦~~")returninputcity = txt_city.get() # 得到输入框的文字weather_data_list = []h_temp = []l_temp = []date = []i = 0for time in times:curdate = "日期：" + timecity = "当前城市：" + df['城市'][i]htemp = "最高气温：" + str(df['最高气温'][i])ltemp = "最低气温：" + str(df['最低气温'][i])wind = "风向：" + df['风向'][i]pro = "风级：" + df['风级'][i]weather_data_list.append(curdate)weather_data_list.append(city)weather_data_list.append(htemp)h_temp.append(htemp)weather_data_list.append(ltemp)l_temp.append(ltemp)weather_data_list.append(wind)weather_data_list.append(pro)weather_data_list.append('\n')date.append(time)i = i + 1print(weather_data_list)# 将内容显示在窗体上weatherlistbox = tkinter.Listbox(root, bd=1, height=29, SelectionMode=None, bg="white", font=("黑体", 12))weatherlistbox.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)scrollbal_v = Scrollbar(root)scrollbal_v.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)i = 0for item in weather_data_list:weatherlistbox.insert("end", item)weatherlistbox.place(x=120, y=250)scrollbal_v.config(command=weatherlistbox.yview)weatherlistbox.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbal_v.set)# 添加天气温馨提示tips = df["感冒小贴士"][0]print(str(tips))lbl_weather_tips = tkinter.Label(root, text=tips, font=("黑体", 15), fg="black", bg="pink")# text参数用于指定显示的文本；font参数用于指定字体大小和字体样式；fg参数用于指定字体颜色；lbl_weather_tips.place(x=100, y=210, width=800, height=30)plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Arial Unicode MS'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = Falsematplotlib.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 中文显示matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 负号显示df = pd.read_csv('weather_data1.csv')"""得到日期"""times = []today = datetime.today()day = today.strftime('%m%d')for i in range(0, 5):day = today.strftime('%m%d')if day[0] == '0' and day[2] != '0':d = day[1] + '月' + day[2:] + '日'elif day[0] == '0' and day[2] == '0':d = day[1] + '月' + day[3] + '日'elif day[0] != '0' and day[2] == '0':d = day[0:2] + '月' + day[3] + '日'else:d = day[0:2] + '月' + day[3:] + '日'times.append(d)today = today + timedelta(+1)print(times)"""初始化窗口"""root = tkinter.Tk() # 实例化一个窗口对象root.geometry("1000x700") # 设置窗口大小root.resizable(width=False, height=False) # 设置为不可拉伸root.title("Weather query1.0") # 设置标题"""添加背景图片"""canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=1000, height=170, bg='white') # 设置canvaspil_image = Image.open('welcome.png') # 打开背景图片pil_image_resize = pil_image.resize((1000, 170))im = ImageTk.PhotoImage(pil_image_resize)canvas.create_image((500, 135), image=im) # 将图片加载到canvas来canvas.place(x=0, y=0, width=1000, height=170) # 放到屏幕当中"""添加按钮"""btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="查询", font=("黑体", 15), bg="pink", command=searchWeather)btn_search.place(x=280, y=170, width=50, height=30)btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="最低、最高温度曲线图", font=("黑体", 15), bg="pink", fg="black", command=higtep)btn_search.place(x=330, y=170, width=220, height=30)btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="微信推送", command=weChat, font=("黑体", 15), bg="pink", fg="black")btn_search.place(x=790, y=170, width=100, height=30)btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="风级饼图", font=("黑体", 15), bg="pink", fg="black", command=wind)btn_search.place(x=550, y=170, width=100, height=30)btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="气候分布饼图", font=("黑体", 15), bg="pink", fg="black", command=climate)btn_search.place(x=650, y=170, width=140, height=30)btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="退出", font=("黑体", 15), bg="pink", fg="black", command=root.quit)btn_search.place(x=950, y=170, width=60, height=30)btn_search = tkinter.Button(text="更多", command=more, bg="pink", fg="black", font=("黑体", 15))btn_search.place(x=890, y=170, width=60, height=30)"""添加标签控件："""# 添加提示框lbl_weather = tkinter.Label(root, text="请输入的您的城市：", font=("黑体", 15), fg="black", bg="pink")# text参数用于指定显示的文本；font参数用于指定字体大小和字体样式；fg参数用于指定字体颜色；lbl_weather.place(x=0, y=170, width=190, height=30)# 添加文本框(输入框）txt_city = tkinter.Entry(root, font=("黑体", 15), fg="black")txt_city.place(x=190, y=170, width=90, height=30)# 显示窗口root.mainloop()
注意：大家在运行过程中要严格按照getdata.py，dataAnalysis.py,gui.py三个文件的顺序运行。在每次需要查询新的城市的时候都需要将原来城市csv文件删除。
