QFileDialog常用来打开保存文件或打开文件对话框，允许用户选择本地文件或者文件夹
常用方法
QFileDialog.getOpenFileName() #获取一个打开文件的文件名QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames() #获取多个打开文件的文件名QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory() #获取打开文件夹的文件名QFileDialog.getOpenFileUrl()#获取一个打开文件的统一资源定位符QFileDialog.getOpenFileUrls() #获取多个打开文件的统一资源定位符QFileDialog.getSaveFileName() #获取保存的文件名QFileDialog.getSaveFileUrl()#获取保存的url
一、界面
我们先在qt designer上拖一个界面
然后用PyUic生成py文件，代码如下
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'QFileDialogTest.ui'## Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.0## WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgetsclass Ui_MainWindow(object):def setupUi(self, MainWindow):MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")MainWindow.resize(775, 721)self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")self.pushButton_openImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_openImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 50, 93, 28))self.pushButton_openImage.setObjectName("pushButton_openImage")self.label_image = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_image.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 50, 321, 231))self.label_image.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box)self.label_image.setObjectName("label_image")self.pushButton_saveImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_saveImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 100, 93, 28))self.pushButton_saveImage.setObjectName("pushButton_saveImage")self.pushButton_openFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_openFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 390, 101, 31))self.pushButton_openFile.setObjectName("pushButton_openFile")self.label_txt = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_txt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 450, 341, 201))self.label_txt.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box)self.label_txt.setObjectName("label_txt")self.pushButton_saveFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_saveFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 450, 101, 28))self.pushButton_saveFile.setObjectName("pushButton_saveFile")self.label_filePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_filePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 380, 291, 61))self.label_filePath.setWordWrap(True)self.label_filePath.setObjectName("label_filePath")self.pushButton_openDirectory = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_openDirectory.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 320, 93, 28))self.pushButton_openDirectory.setObjectName("pushButton_openDirectory")self.label_directoryPath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_directoryPath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 310, 291, 61))self.label_directoryPath.setWordWrap(True)self.label_directoryPath.setObjectName("label_directoryPath")self.label_imagePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_imagePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(570, 60, 191, 101))self.label_imagePath.setObjectName("label_imagePath")MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 775, 26))self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translateMainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))self.pushButton_openImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开图像"))self.label_image.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片"))self.pushButton_saveImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存图像"))self.pushButton_openFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件"))self.label_txt.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文本内容"))self.pushButton_saveFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存文件"))self.label_filePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件路径"))self.pushButton_openDirectory.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件夹"))self.label_directoryPath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件夹路径"))self.label_imagePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片路径"))
二、编写相关函数
1.打开本地图片
QFileDialog.getOpenFileName()返回值有两个，第一个是选择文件的文件名（文件路径），我们可以通过这个文件名打开本地文件，第二个是选择文件的类型
有4个参数，第一个参数一般是self，第2个参数是弹出框的标题，第3个参数是打开对话框的默认地址，第4个参数是过滤字符串，一般用来限制文件类型，定义打开文件下拉框中的可选列表，并且不同的文件类型用两个分号;;隔开
def openImage(self): # 选择本地图片上传imgName, imgType = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "打开图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)") # 弹出一个文件选择框，第一个返回值imgName记录选中的文件路径+文件名，第二个返回值imgType记录文件的类型jpg = QtGui.QPixmap(imgName).scaled(self.label_image.width(), self.label_image.height()) # 通过文件路径获取图片文件，并设置图片长宽为label控件的长款self.label_image.setPixmap(jpg) # 在label控件上显示选择的图片
ps：很多教程传入的第一个参数都是self，但是如果你跟我一样点击按钮之后闪退的话，可以试试改成self.centralwidget
2.保存图片到本地
首先还是打开一个保存文件的弹出框，然后保存图片到刚刚选择的路径，这里保存有两种思路
第一种是记录要保存图片原来的路径，获取到图片实例，然后把图片写入选择的路径
第二种是把图片所在label控件屏幕截图，然后保存截图（我觉得这个比较简单）
def saveImage(self): # 保存图片到本地screen = QApplication.primaryScreen()pix = screen.grabWindow(self.label_image.winId())fd,type= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)")pix.save(fd)
3.打开文件夹
def openDirectory(self): # 打开文件夹（目录）fd = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self.centralwidget, "选择文件夹", "")self.label_directoryPath.setText(fd)
4.打开本地文本文件并显示
def openTextFile(self): # 选择文本文件上传fd,fp = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "选择文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)")f=open(fd,'r')self.label_txt.setText(f.read())self.label_filePath.setText(fd)f.close()
5.保存文本到本地
def saveTextFile(self): # 保存文本文件fd,fp= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)")f=open(fd,'w')f.write(self.label_txt.text())f.close()
然后关联函数
self.pushButton_openImage.clicked.connect(self.openImage)self.pushButton_saveImage.clicked.connect(self.saveImage)self.pushButton_openFile.clicked.connect(self.openTextFile)self.pushButton_saveFile.clicked.connect(self.saveTextFile)self.pushButton_openDirectory.clicked.connect(self.openDirectory)
三、效果展示
（真的太糊辽，意会一下）
完整代码:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgetsfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog, QApplicationclass Ui_MainWindow(object):def setupUi(self, MainWindow):MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")MainWindow.resize(775, 721)self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")self.pushButton_openImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_openImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 50, 93, 28))self.pushButton_openImage.setObjectName("pushButton_openImage")self.label_image = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_image.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 50, 321, 231))self.label_image.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box)self.label_image.setObjectName("label_image")self.label_image.setScaledContents(True) # 图片填充整个框self.pushButton_saveImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_saveImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 100, 93, 28))self.pushButton_saveImage.setObjectName("pushButton_saveImage")self.pushButton_openFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_openFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 390, 101, 31))self.pushButton_openFile.setObjectName("pushButton_openFile")self.label_txt = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_txt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 450, 341, 201))self.label_txt.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box)self.label_txt.setObjectName("label_txt")self.pushButton_saveFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_saveFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 450, 101, 28))self.pushButton_saveFile.setObjectName("pushButton_saveFile")self.label_filePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_filePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 380, 291, 61))self.label_filePath.setWordWrap(True)self.label_filePath.setObjectName("label_filePath")self.pushButton_openDirectory = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)self.pushButton_openDirectory.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 320, 93, 28))self.pushButton_openDirectory.setObjectName("pushButton_openDirectory")self.label_directoryPath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_directoryPath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 310, 291, 61))self.label_directoryPath.setWordWrap(True)self.label_directoryPath.setObjectName("label_directoryPath")self.label_imagePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)self.label_imagePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(570, 60, 150,100))self.label_imagePath.setObjectName("label_imagePath")self.label_imagePath.setWordWrap(True)MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 775, 26))self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)self.pushButton_openImage.clicked.connect(self.openImage)self.pushButton_saveImage.clicked.connect(self.saveImage)self.pushButton_openFile.clicked.connect(self.openTextFile)self.pushButton_saveFile.clicked.connect(self.saveTextFile)self.pushButton_openDirectory.clicked.connect(self.openDirectory)def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translateMainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))self.pushButton_openImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开图像"))self.label_image.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片"))self.pushButton_saveImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存图像"))self.pushButton_openFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件"))self.label_txt.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文本内容"))self.pushButton_saveFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存文件"))self.label_filePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件路径"))self.pushButton_openDirectory.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件夹"))self.label_directoryPath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件夹路径"))self.label_imagePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片路径"))def openImage(self): # 选择本地图片上传global imgName # 这里为了方便别的地方引用图片路径，我们把它设置为全局变量imgName, imgType = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "打开图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)") # 弹出一个文件选择框，第一个返回值imgName记录选中的文件路径+文件名，第二个返回值imgType记录文件的类型jpg = QtGui.QPixmap(imgName).scaled(self.label_image.width(), self.label_image.height()) # 通过文件路径获取图片文件，并设置图片长宽为label控件的长宽self.label_image.setPixmap(jpg) # 在label控件上显示选择的图片self.label_imagePath.setText(imgName) # 显示所选图片的本地路径def saveImage(self): # 保存图片到本地screen = QApplication.primaryScreen()pix = screen.grabWindow(self.label_image.winId())fd,type= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)")pix.save(fd)def openDirectory(self): # 打开文件夹（目录）fd = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self.centralwidget, "选择文件夹", "")self.label_directoryPath.setText(fd)def openTextFile(self): # 选择文本文件上传fd,fp = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "选择文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)")f=open(fd,'r')self.label_txt.setText(f.read())self.label_filePath.setText(fd)f.close()def saveTextFile(self): # 保存文本文件fd,fp= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)")f=open(fd,'w')f.write(self.label_txt.text())f.close()if __name__ == "__main__":import sysapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)formObj = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()ui = Ui_MainWindow()ui.setupUi(formObj)formObj.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())
pyqt5:利用QFileDialog从本地选择图片\文本文档显示到label 保存图片\label文本到本地（附代码）
