1200字范文 > 轻松使用中移物联网平台Onenet MQTT协议快速接入实验使用Onenet平台MQTT协议开发个

轻松使用中移物联网平台Onenet MQTT协议快速接入实验使用Onenet平台MQTT协议开发个

时间：2022-10-13 23:04:54

文章目录

前言一、Onenet是什么？二、使用步骤1.总体流程2.添加产品3.调试API3.1.新增设备python中调试3.2.注册设备python中调试3.3.查询设备python中调试3.4.新增数据流python中调试3.5.上传数据点python中调试3.6.查询数据流python中调试3.7.发布消息python中调试3.8.完整代码4.调试MQTT4.1.建立连接4.2.订阅消息4.3.上传数据点4.4.完整代码总结

前言

万物互联时代，DIY智能产品离不开物联网，本文意在记录快速接入流程，避免深陷官方文档中无法自拔。本文通过MQTT协议接入Onenet，用Python进行简单的调试，通过实验测试各项功能是否可靠。

一、Onenet是什么？

https://open./console

OneNET是由中国移动打造的PaaS物联网开放平台。类似的平台有阿里云，机智云等，之所以选择Onenet，是因为使用起来十分简洁高效，开发文档清晰明了，提供了许多API接口方便调试。

二、使用步骤

1.总体流程

为了一劳永逸，本文对于Onenet平台中控制台的操作仅需要添加产品，其他操作全部通过API完成，方便快速移植，实现全自动部署。

2.添加产品

注册登录后，进入控制台注册产品，

添加产品后暂不添加设备

进入产品页面查看以下信息

产品ID：493938

Master-APIkey：MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8=

access_key：FDnETJpnXnyMA6g2feVcFkFHrv6PxVvIkVrYBdfS8/w=

设备注册码：r6jc2WyJluQrV36F

3.调试API

API使用详情：https://open./doc/v5/develop/detail/481

为提高API访问安全性，OneNET API的鉴权参数作为header参数存在，API的访问有两种安全机制，普通方式直接传输密钥，不够安全，token鉴权更为安全，但操作上需要复杂了一步，就是需要增加生成token的算法，官方也有提供，先测试普通方式。

3.1.新增设备

众所周知，HTTP请求方式有POST、GET、PUT等，请求最多三部分组成：URL、Header、Body，根据文档配置好三个部分的参数即可。

新增设备api-key使用产品级密钥Master-APIkey，Body使用json格式数据。

请求方式：POST

URL: /devicesHeader：api-key = “MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8=”Body：{“title”: “test_device”}

python中调试

运行

#新增设备import requestsimport jsonMasterAPIkey = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#产品核心密钥URL = "/devices"Header = {"api-key" : MasterAPIkey}Body = {"title": "test_device"}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 0,"data": {"device_id": "906086916"},"error": "succ"}

3.2.注册设备

注册设备不需要密钥，只需要注册码，Body使用json格式数据。

请求方式：POST

URL: /register_de?register_code=r6jc2WyJluQrV36FBody：{“sn”: “123456789”}

python中调试

运行

#注册设备import requestsimport jsonregister_code = "r6jc2WyJluQrV36F"#注册码URL = "/register_de?register_code="+register_codeBody = {"title":"python_device","sn": "123456789"}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 0,"data": {"device_id": "906087737","key": "Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90="},"error": "succ"}

3.3.查询设备

查询设备api-key可以使用产品级密钥Master-APIkey，也可以使用设备级密钥key，设备ID和设备级密钥可通过以上注册设备API获得，也可在设备管理页面查看。GET请求无需Body。

请求方式：GET

URL: /devices/906087737Header：api-key = “Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90=”

python中调试

运行

#查询设备import requestsimport jsondevice_id = "906087737"#设备IDkey = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#设备密钥URL = "/devices/"+device_idHeader = {"api-key" : key}r = requests.get(URL,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 0,"data": {"protocol": "MQTT","private": true,"create_time": "-03-12 14:53:26","keys": [{"title": "auto generated device key","key": "Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90="}],"online": false,"id": "906087737","auth_info": "123456789","title": "python_device"},"error": "succ"}

3.4.新增数据流

新增数据流Body中必填参数为数据流ID。

请求方式：POST

URL: /devices/906087737/datastreamsHeader：api-key = “Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90=”Body：{“id”: “temp”}

python中调试

运行

#新增数据流import requestsimport jsondevice_id = "906087737"key = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#设备密钥URL = "/devices/"+device_id+"/datastreams"Header = {"api-key" : key}Body = {"id": "temp"}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 0,"data": {"ds_uuid": "d94a90f5-8bd0-5672-b967-14082115dd79"},"error": "succ"}

3.5.上传数据点

上传数据点Body中按制定格式填写，可批量上传。

请求方式：POST

URL: /devices/906087737/datapointsHeader：api-key = “Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90=”Body：{“datastreams”: [{“id”: “temp”,“datapoints”: [{“value”: 62} ]}]}

python中调试

运行

#上传数据点import requestsimport jsondevice_id = "906087737"key = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#设备密钥URL = "/devices/"+device_id+"/datapoints"Header = {"api-key" : key}Body = {"datastreams": [{"id": "temp","datapoints": [{"value": 62}]}]}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 0,"error": "succ"}

3.6.查询数据流

查询数据流，URL对应相应的数据流ID。

请求方式：GET

URL: /devices/906087737/datastreams/tempHeader：api-key = “Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90=”

python中调试

运行

#查询数据流import requestsimport jsondevice_id = "906087737"key = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#设备密钥datastream_id = "temp"URL = "/devices/"+device_id+"/datastreams/"+datastream_idHeader = {"api-key" : key}r = requests.get(URL,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 0,"data": {"update_at": "-03-12 15:21:08","id": "temp","create_time": "-03-12 15:11:14","current_value": 62},"error": "succ"}

3.7.发布消息

发布消息URL指定相应的Topic，api-key必须使用产品级密钥Master-APIkey。

请求方式：POST

URL: /mqtt?topic=python_topicHeader：api-key = “Wh83vAaZGFee8ktcFDbZOTVoh90=”Body：“Hello mqtt!”

python中调试

运行

#发布消息import requestsimport jsonMasterAPIkey = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#产品核心密钥URL = "/mqtt?topic=python_topic"Header = {"api-key" : MasterAPIkey}Body = "Hello mqtt!"r = requests.post(URL,data=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

{"errno": 6,"error": "invalid parameter: topic is not exists"}

返回中提示topic不存在，因为没有设备订阅过topic，通过4调试MQTT订阅该topic后便不会出错。

3.8.完整代码

运行

#新增设备print("新增设备")import requestsimport jsonMasterAPIkey = "MrXYtMYoqeWzt5d=WQaCMja=6F8="#产品核心密钥URL = "/devices"Header = {"api-key" : MasterAPIkey}Body = {"title": "test_device"}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))#注册设备print("注册设备")register_code = "r6jc2WyJluQrV36F"#注册码URL = "/register_de?register_code="+register_codeBody = {"title":"python_device","sn": "123456789"}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))#查询设备print("查询设备")device_id = r["data"]["device_id"]#设备IDkey = r["data"]["key"]#设备密钥URL = "/devices/"+device_idHeader = {"api-key" : key}r = requests.get(URL,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))#新增数据流print("新增数据流")datastream_id = "temp"URL = "/devices/"+device_id+"/datastreams"Header = {"api-key" : key}Body = {"id": datastream_id}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))#上传数据点print("上传数据点")URL = "/devices/"+device_id+"/datapoints"Header = {"api-key" : key}Body = {"datastreams": [{"id": datastream_id,"datapoints": [{"value": 62}]}]}r = requests.post(URL,json=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))#查询数据流print("查询数据流")URL = "/devices/"+device_id+"/datastreams/"+datastream_idHeader = {"api-key" : key}r = requests.get(URL,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))#发布消息print("发布消息")URL = "/mqtt?topic=python_topic"Header = {"api-key" : MasterAPIkey}Body = "Hello mqtt!"r = requests.post(URL,data=Body,headers=Header).json()print(json.dumps(r, indent=2))

新增设备{"errno": 0,"data": {"device_id": "906147806"},"error": "succ"}注册设备{"errno": 0,"data": {"device_id": "906147809","key": "R7YqtyhNtN2JkeeR0Axo=B6jnEY="},"error": "succ"}查询设备{"errno": 0,"data": {"protocol": "MQTT","private": true,"create_time": "-03-12 17:35:43","keys": [{"title": "auto generated device key","key": "R7YqtyhNtN2JkeeR0Axo=B6jnEY="}],"online": false,"id": "906147809","auth_info": "123456789","title": "python_device"},"error": "succ"}新增数据流{"errno": 0,"data": {"ds_uuid": "934076ef-adf9-53e3-9230-6159e3daedfc"},"error": "succ"}上传数据点{"errno": 0,"error": "succ"}查询数据流{"errno": 0,"data": {"update_at": "-03-12 17:35:43","id": "temp","create_time": "-03-12 17:35:43","current_value": 62},"error": "succ"}发布消息{"errno": 6,"error": "invalid parameter: no device subscribe to this topic"}

4.调试MQTT

4.1.建立连接

连接Onenet服务器，mqtt用户名和密码对应产品ID和鉴权信息

运行

import paho.mqtt.client as mqttimport random,jsonHOST = "183.230.40.39"PORT = 6002Device_id = "906147809"#设备IDProduct_id = "493938"#产品ID Mqtt用户名Authorization = "123456789"#鉴权信息 Mqtt密码def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):print("连接结果:" + mqtt.connack_string(rc))def on_message(client, userdata, msg):print(msg.topic+" "+str(msg.payload))client = mqtt.Client(Device_id)client.username_pw_set(Product_id,Authorization)client.on_connect = on_connect#连接回调client.on_message = on_message#消息回调client.connect(HOST, PORT, 120)client.loop_forever()

连接结果:Connection Accepted.

查看设备详情

4.2.订阅消息

订阅python_topic

client.subscribe("python_topic")

4.3.上传数据点

设备使⽤publish报⽂来上传数据点，需要往系统指定主题发送指定格式数据，这两点非常关键。见设备终端接入协议-MQTT V2.6

指定主题：$dp

指定格式数据：3字节报头 + 数据

3字节报头：

字节1 数据点类型字节2 数据长度高8位字节3 数据长度低8位

JSON格式2对应的数据格式较简单:{“datastream_id”:”value”}

将数据按json格式2打包：

# 转换为Json格式2字节数组def payload_json2(json_data):data_bytes = json.dumps(json_data).encode('utf-8')byte1 = 0x03byte2 = len(data_bytes)>>8byte3 = len(data_bytes)%256payload = bytes([byte1,byte2,byte3]) + data_bytesreturn payload

上传数据点

# 上传数据点value = random.randint(0,100)#生成随机整数data = {"temp":value}payload = payload_json2(data)client.publish("$dp", payload, qos=0)

4.4.完整代码

import paho.mqtt.client as mqttimport random,jsonHOST = "183.230.40.39"PORT = 6002Device_id = "906147809"#设备IDProduct_id = "493938"#产品ID Mqtt用户名Authorization = "123456789"#鉴权信息 Mqtt密码# 转换为Json格式2字节数组def payload_json2(json_data):data_bytes = json.dumps(json_data).encode('utf-8')byte1 = 0x03byte2 = len(data_bytes)>>8byte3 = len(data_bytes)%256payload = bytes([byte1,byte2,byte3]) + data_bytesreturn payloaddef on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):print("连接结果:" + mqtt.connack_string(rc))client.subscribe("python_topic")#订阅python_topicdef on_message(client, userdata, msg):print(msg.topic+" "+str(msg.payload))if msg.topic == "python_topic":# 上传数据点value = random.randint(0,100)data = {"temp":value}payload = payload_json2(data)client.publish("$dp", payload, qos=0)client = mqtt.Client(Device_id)client.username_pw_set(Product_id,Authorization)client.on_connect = on_connect#连接回调client.on_message = on_message#消息回调client.connect(HOST, PORT, 120)client.loop_forever()