安装matplotlib：

pip install matplotlib

help doc：

Basic Usage — Matplotlib 3.5.1 documentation/stable/tutorials/introductory/usage.html推荐文章：

字体：【Python基础】matplotlib字体设置看这一篇就够了_fengdu78的博客-CSDN博客

绘图：Python绘图总结(Matplotlib篇)之字体、文本及注释_wuzlun的专栏-CSDN博客_matplotlib 字体

1 基础绘图

直接上代码：

（1）代码中打印出了一些默认的格式或样式

（2）代码中进行了样式的设置示例

#导入Matplotlib模块#from matplotlib import pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.font_manager as FontManagerimport pandas as pdimport numpy as np#打印图标样式，看看自带的样式有哪些print(f"matplotlib支持的默认格式：\n{plt.style.available}")print(f"windows系统支持的字体：\n{FontManager._get_win32_installed_fonts()}")print(f"matplotlib支持的样式：\n{plt.style.available}")for font in FontManager.fontManager.ttflist:# 查看字体名以及对应的字体文件名print(font.name, '-', font.fname)#导入数据xvalues1=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares1=[x**2 for x in xvalues1]xvalues2=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares2=[x+2 for x in xvalues2]xvalues3=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares3=[x**2-2 for x in xvalues3]ysquares4=[x**2+2 for x in xvalues3]#设置图表风格，需要在画图前设置好，否则无效plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')#plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Times New Roman'] # 用来正常显示中文标签plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False # 用来正常显示负号plt.rcParams["font.family"] = "Times New Roman"#设置图中所有的字体#fig表示整张图篇，ax表示图片中的对应图表,如果是两张图则实例是ax[0],ax[1]fig1,ax=plt.subplots(2,1,figsize=(5, 2.7), layout='constrained')#一个图中画上下一个表'''#在图表ax[0]中画图'''al1=ax[0].plot(xvalues1,ysquares1,color='black',linestyle='solid',marker='o',label='Square',linewidth=3)al2=ax[0].plot(xvalues2,ysquares2,color='red',linestyle='dashdot',marker= 'x',label='line',linewidth=1)ax[0].legend()#显示前面添加的标签label,可以传递[al1,al2],['Square',"Line"]#设置图表显示的标签和坐标轴ax[0].set_title("Simple Plot",fontsize=20,color='red')ax[0].set_xlabel("值",fontsize=10,fontproperties="Microsoft YaHei")ax[0].set_ylabel("值的平方",fontsize=10,fontproperties="Microsoft YaHei")ax[0].axis([0,6,0,40])#设置坐标轴范围也可以用ax.set_ylim(0, 40);ax[0].tick_params(axis='both',which='major',labelsize=8)#设置刻度字体大小 #以x轴为横坐标画出数据的分布n, bins, patches = ax[0].hist(xvalues1, 50, density=1, facecolor='C0', alpha=0.75)'''ax[1]中画散点图，S设置尺寸'''ax[1].set_title("Simple scatter",fontsize=20,color='red')#颜色设置可以采用RGB的形式(0, 0.8, 0)，值越接近 0，指定的颜色越深；值越接近 1，指定的颜色越浅ax[1].scatter(xvalues3, ysquares3, s=100, facecolor=(0, 0.8, 0), edgecolor='blue');#画散点图#颜色映射（colormap）是一系列颜色，从起始颜色渐变到结束颜色,此处通过Y轴的坐标值进行映射ax[1].scatter(xvalues3, ysquares4, s=200, c=ysquares4,cmap=plt.cm.Blues);#对特定的点进行注释,xy=箭头的坐标，xytext=文字的坐标ax[1].annotate('annotate test', xy=(3, 10), xytext=(3.5, 20),arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))'''在图中打印一行字（1.5,15.5）为文字左边的坐标（ha='left'）'''plt.text(1.5,15.5,"this is a 测试",fontsize=15,ha='center',fontproperties=FontManager.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simfang.ttf') )'''保存图象'''#bbox_inches裁剪空白区域plt.savefig('Simple_plot.png', bbox_inches='tight') #显示图表plt.show()

打印的默认格式和样式，可以看到画图支持的样式和支持的字体：

matplotlib支持的默认格式：['Solarize_Light2', '_classic_test_patch', '_mpl-gallery', '_mpl-gallery-nogrid', 'bmh', 'classic', 'dark_background', 'fast', 'fivethirtyeight', 'ggplot', 'grayscale', 'seaborn', 'seaborn-bright', 'seaborn-colorblind', 'seaborn-dark', 'seaborn-dark-palette', 'seaborn-darkgrid', 'seaborn-deep', 'seaborn-muted', 'seaborn-notebook', 'seaborn-paper', 'seaborn-pastel', 'seaborn-poster', 'seaborn-talk', 'seaborn-ticks', 'seaborn-white', 'seaborn-whitegrid', 'tableau-colorblind10']matplotlib支持的字体：{WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LFAXD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STKAITI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/gadugib.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CENTAUR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MAGNETOB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FTLTLT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ariali.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BERNHC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FORTE.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/palai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GARAIT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/mingliub.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/consola.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/arialbi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRABKIT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LeelawUI.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BRITANIC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/taile.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/comicz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_CR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ARIALNB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/sseriff.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/impact.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCKEB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/malgun.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PERTIBD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/lucon.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/simkai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Dengl.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ITCKRIST.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOUDOS.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GILLUBCD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LBRITEI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/gadugi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/modern.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BRADHITC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MEIRYO.TTC'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoesc.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LeelUIsl.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeuib.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STXIHEI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALIFR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/phagspa.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SIMLI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCCB____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ARIALNBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/OLDENGL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-Black.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/courf.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/constanz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ARIALN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/sapdn.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/palabi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/OCRAEXT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRADMCN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/NIAGSOL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/arial.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GILB____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-Italic.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LTYPEB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MATURASC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/calibriz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PERBI___.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GILC____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Gabriola.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/cambriai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/simsunb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CENTURY.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PAPYRUS.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Dengb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/REFSAN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_R.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/POORICH.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LCALLIG.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PRISTINA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/trebucit.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seriff.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOTHICB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ntailu.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PALSCRI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LTYPEO.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MEIRYOB.TTC'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_CBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LeelaUIb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SCHLBKBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/timesbd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguisli.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GIL_____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/HTOWERT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BASKVILL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/mmrtext.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/JUICE___.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GILSANUB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOTHICBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CURLZ___.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MISTRAL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LBRITE.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MSUIGHUR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguisbi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/arialbd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LEELAWAD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRADM.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRABK.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/calibril.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Candara.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/wingding.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Sitka.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoepr.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/calibri.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/couri.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ERASLGHT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/COPRGTB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/verdanai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/COPRGTL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/malgunsl.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/trebucbd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-Bold.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-CondensedBold.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/HATTEN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msyi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/YuGothL.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/YuGothB.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ITCEDSCR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCBI____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ERASDEMI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ARIALNI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOOKOSB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/tahoma.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/georgiaz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Nirmala.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/corbelz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SitkaI.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BRLNSR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALISTB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LATINWD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/YuGothM.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ebrima.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ARIALUNI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCM_____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SNAP____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/comicbd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msjhl.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/COLONNA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCCB___.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOOKOSBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ebrimabd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ntailub.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/georgiab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCK.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LFAX.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ELEPHNT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/HARNGTON.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SCHLBKB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_BLAR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Program Files (x86)/Common Files/Microsoft Shared/EQUATION/MTEXTRA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/corbeli.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ONYX.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segmdl2.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/cambria.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/constani.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOTHICI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msyh.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/roman.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_I.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRADMIT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/comic.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BAUHS93.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LEELAWDB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeuii.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_CB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/webdings.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/georgia.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/mmrtextb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STXINGKA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ERASMD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SCHLBKI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/verdana.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/javatext.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-Regular.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/smallf.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeuisl.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BRUSHSCI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STCAIYUN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-Condensed.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeuil.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoescb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BRLNSB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STZHONGS.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Candaraz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRSCRIPT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ANTQUAB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/HTOWERTI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCCEB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SHOWG.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCC____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/YuGothR.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/pala.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MTCORSVA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/taileb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/corbelli.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BELL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LTYPEBO.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SCRIPTBL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/consolab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LSANS.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/timesbi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Candaral.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SitkaZ.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/l_10646.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/calibrii.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/framdit.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Candarab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/OUTLOOK.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LBRITED.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/AGENCYR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/corbel.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msyhbd.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguihis.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/times.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOUDOSI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ANTQUABI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/RAVIE.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LSANSI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOUDOSB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LSANSDI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/corbelb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CHILLER.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ELEPHNTI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BROADW.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LTYPE.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeprb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/cour.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LBRITEDI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STSONG.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/serife.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BSSYM7.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BELLI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/sylfaen.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRAMDCN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRAHV.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/INFROMAN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GARA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguibl.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALISTI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/timesi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FREESCPT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FZSTK.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ERASBD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/courbd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/cambriaz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_CI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FELIXTI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CENSCBK.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_B.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCCM____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/trebucbi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOTHIC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/VLADIMIR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ENGR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguiemj.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-BoldItalic.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SIMYOU.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/RAGE.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msgothic.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LFAXDI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/sapin.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/AGENCYB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOOKOS.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PLAYBILL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/REFSPCL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/mvboli.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BKANT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GLSNECB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/georgiai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FRAHVIT.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LSANSD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/NirmalaS.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/comici.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/courbi.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/FZYTK.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/malgunbd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/symbol.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/script.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_PSTC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msjhbd.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/sserife.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ariblk.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/JOKERMAN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_BI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ITCBLKAD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SAPGUI-icons.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MAIAN.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCKI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/WINGDNG3.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeuiz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALIST.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STFANGSO.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/verdanaz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GILI____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/bahnschrift.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/framd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/IMPRISHA.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/constanb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GIGI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/tahomabd.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CASTELAR.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguisym.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STLITI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GOUDYSTO.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ANTQUAI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/calibrili.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/simfang.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/segoeui.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/cambriab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Candarali.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALISTBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALIFI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/smalle.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/HARLOWSI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msjh.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/himalaya.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCMI____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ALGER.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/calibrib.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/verdanab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Deng.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/consolai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/holomdl2.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MSUIGHUB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BELLB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCKB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STENCIL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/phagspab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/MOD20.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/consolaz.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PER_____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LFAXI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/CALIFB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/msyhl.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/72-Light.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/VIVALDII.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PERI____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/corbell.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguili.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PERB____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BRLNSDB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/trebuc.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/micross.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/coure.fon'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguibli.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STHUPO.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ROCKBI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Candarai.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/simhei.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SAPGUI-Belize-Icons.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/LHANDW.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PERTILI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/COOPBL.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/STXINWEI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TCB_____.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GLECB.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/WINGDNG2.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/PARCHM.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/NirmalaB.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/TEMPSITC.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/seguisb.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/constan.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/KUNSTLER.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/SitkaB.ttc'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/NIAGENG.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/ARLRDBD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/Inkfree.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/monbaiti.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GARABD.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/GILBI___.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOOKOSI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/palab.ttf'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/BOD_BLAI.TTF'), WindowsPath('C:/Windows/Fonts/VINERITC.TTF')}matplotlib支持的样式：['Solarize_Light2', '_classic_test_patch', '_mpl-gallery', '_mpl-gallery-nogrid', 'bmh', 'classic', 'dark_background', 'fast', 'fivethirtyeight', 'ggplot', 'grayscale', 'seaborn', 'seaborn-bright', 'seaborn-colorblind', 'seaborn-dark', 'seaborn-dark-palette', 'seaborn-darkgrid', 'seaborn-deep', 'seaborn-muted', 'seaborn-notebook', 'seaborn-paper', 'seaborn-pastel', 'seaborn-poster', 'seaborn-talk', 'seaborn-ticks', 'seaborn-white', 'seaborn-whitegrid', 'tableau-colorblind10']

画图结果：

2 设置2个坐标

代码：

#导入Matplotlib模块#from matplotlib import pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.font_manager as FontManagerimport pandas as pdimport numpy as np#导入数据xvalues1=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares1=[x**2 for x in xvalues1]xvalues2=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares2=[x+2 for x in xvalues2]xvalues3=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares3=[x**2-2 for x in xvalues3]ysquares4=[x**2+2 for x in xvalues3]#设置图表风格，需要在画图前设置好，否则无效plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')#plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Times New Roman'] # 用来正常显示中文标签plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False # 用来正常显示负号plt.rcParams["font.family"] = "Times New Roman"#设置图中所有的字体#fig表示整张图篇，ax表示图片中的对应图表fig1,ax_2=plt.subplots(1,1,figsize=(5, 2.7), layout='constrained')#一个图中画上下一个表'''#在图表ax中画图'''al1,=ax_2.plot(xvalues1,ysquares1,color='black',linestyle='solid',marker='o',label='Square',linewidth=3)#设置ax_2的第二个坐标ax_2_1=ax_2.twinx()# 在第二个坐标上画图al2,=ax_2_1.plot(xvalues2,ysquares2,color='red',linestyle='dashdot',marker= 'x',label='line',linewidth=1)#显示legendax_2_1.legend([al1,al2],['Square',"Line"])#显示前面添加的标签label,可以传递[al1,al2],['Square',"Line"]#设置y轴范围ax_2.set_ylim(0, 40);ax_2_1.set_ylim(0, 10);#显示图表plt.show()

运行结果：

3 画图函数模块化

代码：

#导入Matplotlib模块import matplotlib.pyplot as pltdef plot_single_fig(ax,datax1,datay1,param_dict):'''在图表ax中画图'''out = ax.plot(datax1, datay1,**param_dict)return out'''定义画图函数,传递一组或两组数据'''def plot_test(datax1,datay1,datax2=[],datay2=[],legend1="",legend2=""):#设置图表风格，需要在画图前设置好，否则无效plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')#plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Times New Roman'] # 用来正常显示中文标签plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False # 用来正常显示负号plt.rcParams["font.family"] = "Times New Roman"#设置图中所有的字体#fig表示整张图篇，ax表示图片中的对应图表fig1,(ax1,ax2)=plt.subplots(2,1,figsize=(5, 2.7), layout='constrained')al1=plot_single_fig(ax1,datax1,datay1,{'linestyle': 'dashdot','marker': 'o','color': 'black','label': legend1,'linewidth': 3})al2=plot_single_fig(ax2, datax2, datay2,{'linestyle': 'dashdot','marker': '+', 'color': 'red', 'label': legend2, 'linewidth': 1})#显示2个legendax1.legend() # 显示前面添加的标签label,可以传递[al1,al2],['Square',"Line"]ax2.legend() # 显示前面添加的标签label,可以传递[al1,al2],['Square',"Line"]#显示图表plt.show()'''调用函数画图'''#导入数据xvalues1=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares1=[x**2 for x in xvalues1]xvalues2=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares2=[x+2 for x in xvalues2]#调用画图函数plot_test(xvalues1,ysquares1,xvalues2,ysquares2,legend1='Square',legend2="Line")

运行结果：

4 一张图中多个坐标系绘图

代码：

#导入Matplotlib模块import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#导入数据xvalues1=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares1=[x**2 for x in xvalues1]xvalues2=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares2=[x+2 for x in xvalues2]xvalues3=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares3=[x**2-2 for x in xvalues3]ysquares4=[x**2+2 for x in xvalues3]'''通过subplot_mosaic绘制多个图和坐标'''fig, axd = plt.subplot_mosaic([['upleft', 'right'],['lowleft', 'right']], layout='constrained')axd['upleft'].set_title('upleft')axd['lowleft'].set_title('lowleft')axd['right'].set_title('right')axd['upleft'].plot(xvalues1, ysquares1,marker='o')axd['lowleft'].plot(xvalues2, ysquares2,marker='+')axd['right'].plot(xvalues3, ysquares3,marker='P')# 显示图表plt.show()

结果：

5 设置坐标刻度间隔MultipleLocator

代码：

#导入Matplotlib模块import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#此类用于设置刻度间隔from matplotlib.pyplot import MultipleLocator#导入数据xvalues1=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares1=[x**2 for x in xvalues1]xvalues2=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares2=[x+2 for x in xvalues2]xvalues3=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares3=[x**2-2 for x in xvalues3]#设置X和Y轴的刻度间隔x_major_locator=MultipleLocator(0.4)y_major_locator=MultipleLocator(4)#创建两条坐标轴的实例axax=plt.gca()#设置XY坐标走的刻度间隔倍数ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(x_major_locator)ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(y_major_locator)'''#画图'''ax.plot(xvalues1,ysquares1,color='black',linestyle='solid',marker='o',label='Square',linewidth=3)ax.plot(xvalues2,ysquares2,color='red',linestyle='dashdot',marker= 'x',label='line',linewidth=1)ax.legend()#显示前面添加的标签label,可以传递[al1,al2],['Square',"Line"]#显示图表plt.show()

执行结果：可以看到x轴的间隔设置成了0.4，y轴间隔设置成了4

6 一副图画3个表

代码：

#导入Matplotlib模块import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#导入数据xvalues1=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares1=[x**2 for x in xvalues1]xvalues2=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares2=[-3,0,3,4,9]xvalues3=[1,2,3,4,5]ysquares3=[x**1.5 for x in xvalues3]plt.subplot(311,title="eg. three grafs in one photo")plt.plot(xvalues1,ysquares1)plt.ylabel('ysquares1')plt.grid(True)plt.gca().xaxis.grid(True, which='minor') # minor grid on tooplt.subplot(312)plt.plot(xvalues2,ysquares2)plt.ylabel('ysquares2')plt.grid(True)plt.gca().xaxis.grid(True, which='minor') # minor grid on tooplt.subplot(313)plt.plot(xvalues3,ysquares3)plt.ylabel('ysquares3')plt.grid(True)plt.gca().xaxis.grid(True, which='minor') # minor grid on tooplt.tight_layout()plt.show()

结果：

附录：

rcParams中的rc是什么意思: run configuration 运行配置

事实上，pyplot使用rcParams来自定义图形的各种默认属性，称之为运行配置参数。通过更改参数可以修改默认的属性，包括窗体大小、每英寸的点数、线条宽度、颜色、样式、坐标轴、坐标和网络属性、文本、字体等。