1.绘制直方图
plt.hist()
各种参数含义
data:必选参数，绘图数据
bins:直方图长条数目，默认10
facecolor:长条形的颜色
edgecolor:长条形边框颜色
alpha:透明度
nprmed:是否将得到的图归一化，默认为0(代表不归一化);为1时为归一化。
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pylab as plb#设置中文字体plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Simhei']# 显示符号plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsedata=np.random.randn(10000)plt.hist(data,bins=20,facecolor='blue',normed=0,alpha=0.5,edgecolor='red')plt.xlabel('区间')plt.ylabel('频数/频率')plt.title('频数、频率分布直方图')plt.show()
2.条形图
2.1绘制条形图（与水平轴平行）
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np#设置中文字体plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Simhei']# 显示符号plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex=np.arange(1,6)y=np.arange(3,8)plt.barh(x,y)plt.show()
2.2绘制一个数据样本的条形图(与水平轴垂直)
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np#设置中文字体plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Simhei']# 显示符号plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsen=12x=np.arange(n)y1=(1-x/float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5,1.0,n)y2=(1-x/float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5,1.0,n)plb.bar(x, y1, facecolor='red', edgecolor='white')plb.bar(x, -y2, facecolor='yellow', edgecolor='white')for x,y in zip(x, y1):plb.text(x, y+0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')for x, y in zip(x, -y2):plb.text(x, y-0.15,' {:.2f}'.format(y), ha='center', va='bottom')#{:.2f}'.format(y)plb.ylim(-1.25,1.25)plb.show()
2.3绘制多个数据进行对比的条形图(与水平轴垂直)
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np#设置中文字体plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Simhei']# 显示符号plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falselabel_list=['','','','']num_list1=[20,30,15,35]num_list2=[15,30,40,20]x=range(len(num_list1))print(x)#设置x轴属性plt.xticks([index+0.2 for index in x],label_list)plt.xlabel('年份')#设置y轴属性plt.ylim(0, 50)plt.yticks(np.linspace(0,50,11))plt.ylabel('数量')# 绘制条形图a1=plt.bar(x,height=num_list1,width=0.4,color='red',alpha=0.5)a2=plt.bar([i+0.4 for i in x],height=num_list2,width=0.4,color='blue',alpha=0.5)for i in a1:height=i.get_height()plt.text(i.get_x()+i.get_width()/2,height+1,str(height),ha='center', va='bottom')for j in a2:height=j.get_height()plt.text(j.get_x()+j.get_width()/2,height+1,str(height),ha='center', va='bottom')plt.show()
2.4绘制一个样本的水平条形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npprice=[39.5,39.9,45.4,38.9,33.34]plt.xlim(30,47)plt.xticks(np.linspace(30,46,9))plt.xlabel('价格')plt.yticks(range(5), ['亚马逊','当当网','中国图书网','京东','天猫'])plt.barh(range(5),price,height=0.7,color='green',alpha=0.5)plt.title('不同平台图书价格')for x,y in enumerate(price):plt.text(y+1,x-0.1,'%s'%y)plt.title('一个样本的水平条形图')plt.show()
2.5绘制不同数据样本进行对比的的水平条形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npplt.xlim(0,45)plt.xticks(np.linspace(0,45,10))label_list=['','','','']num_list1=[15,33,40,20]num_list2=[20,30,15,35]y=range(1,len(num_list1)+1)y=[index*1.5 for index in y]plt.barh(y,num_list1,height=0.4,color='blue',alpha=0.5)plt.barh([i-0.4 for i in y],num_list2,height=0.4,color='red',alpha=0.5)plt.yticks([i-0.2 for i in y],label_list)for x,y1 in zip(num_list1,y):plt.text(x+0.2,y1-0.05,'%s'%y1)for x,y2 in zip(num_list2,y):plt.text(x+0.2,y2-0.5,'%s'%y2)plt.xlabel('数量')plt.ylabel('年份')plt.title('不同数据样本进行对比的的水平条形图')plt.savefig('b.jpg')plt.show()
2.6绘制堆叠条形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npy1=[52,69,58,12,39,75]y2=[56,15,84,65,45,48]x=[i for i in range(len(y1))]plt.bar(x,height=y1,width=0.3,color='blue',label='x',alpha=0.5)plt.bar(x,height=y2,width=0.3,color='gold',label='y',alpha=0.8)plt.legend(loc='upper left')plt.xlabel('x')plt.ylabel('y1/y2')plt.title('堆叠条形图',fontsize=12,c='gray')plt.show()
3.绘制饼图
绘制饼图的参数
explode：设置各部分突出
label:设置各部分标签，
labeldistance:设置标签文本距圆心位置，1.1表示1.1倍半径
autopct：设置圆里面文本
shadow：设置是否有阴影
startangle：起始角度，默认从0开始逆时针转
pctdistance：设置圆内文本距圆心距离
返回值
l_text：圆内部文本，matplotlib.text.Text object
p_text：圆外部文本
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np#各部分标签label_list=['第一部分','第二部分','第三部分','第四部分']#各部分大小（百分比）size=[25,35,10,30]# 各部分颜色color=['red','green','steelblue','yellow']# 各部分突出值explode=[0.05,0,0,0]patches,l_text,p_text=plt.pie(size,colors=color,labeldistance=1.1,autopct="%1.1f%%",explode=explode,labels=label_list,startangle=90,shadow=True)# patches, l_text, p_text = plt.pie(size, explode=explode, colors=color, labels=label_list,#labeldistance=1.1, autopct="%1.1f%%", shadow=True, startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)plt.axis("equal") # 设置横轴和纵轴大小相等，这样饼才是圆的plt.legend()plt.show()
4.绘制热力图
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.colors as colimport numpy as nppoints = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.01)# print(points)xs, ys = np.meshgrid(points, points)z = np.sqrt(xs**2 + ys**2)# print(z)# 自定义colormapstart_color = 'red'end_color = 'blue'cmap_1 = col.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('cmap1', [start_color, end_color])
5.极坐标图
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npN = 20theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, N, endpoint=False) # 均分角度radii = 10 * np.random.rand(N) # 随机角度width = np.pi / 4 * np.random.rand(N) # 随机宽度ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar') # 极坐标图绘制bars = ax.bar(theta, radii, width=width, bottom=0.0) # 哪个角度画，长度，扇形角度,从距离圆心0的地方开始画for r, bar in zip(radii, bars):bar.set_facecolor(plt.cm.viridis(r / 10.0))bar.set_alpha(0.5) # 添加颜色plt.title('polar')plt.show()
6.雷达图
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt#设置中文字体plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['Simhei']# 显示符号plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsedef plot_radar(data):criterion = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] # 基准雷达图angles = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 5, endpoint=False)angles = np.concatenate((angles, [angles[0]]))#print(criterion)#print(angles)fig = plt.figure(facecolor='#87CEEB') # 创建画板并填充颜色ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True,) # 设置坐标为极坐标# 绘制三个五边形floor = 0ceil = 2labels = np.array(['x1', 'x2', 'x3', 'x4', 'x5'])# 绘制五边形的循环for i in np.arange(floor, ceil + 0.5 ,0.5):ax.plot(angles, [i] * (6), '-', lw= 0.5, color='black')for i in range(5):ax.plot([angles[i], angles[i]], [floor, ceil], '-',lw=0.5, color='black')# 绘制雷达图ax.plot(angles, criterion, 'b-', lw=2, alpha=0.4)ax.fill(angles, criterion, facecolor='b', alpha=0.3) #填充ax.plot(angles, data, 'b-', lw=2, alpha=0.35)ax.fill(angles, data, facecolor='b', alpha=0.25)ax.set_thetagrids(angles * 180 / np.pi, labels)ax.spines['polar'].set_visible(False)#不显示极坐标最外的圆形ax.set_theta_zero_location('N')#设置极坐标的起点（即0度）在正上方向ax.grid(False)# 不显示分隔线ax.set_yticks([]) # 不显示坐标间隔ax.set_title('xxxxxxxxxxxx', va='bottom', fontproperties='SimHei')ax.set_facecolor('#87ceeb') # 填充绘图区域的颜色# 保存文png图片plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.09, right=1, wspace=0.25, hspace=0.25, bottom=0.13, top=0.91)plt.savefig('a_1.png')plt.show()data = [0.8, 0.9, 1.2, 1.0, 1.5, 0.8]plot_radar(data)
7.进度条
from tqdm import tqdmimport time#方法一with tqdm(total=200) as pbar:for i in range(20):pbar.update(10)time.sleep(0.1)# 方法二pbar=tqdm(total=200)for i in range(20):pbar.update(10)time.sleep(0.1)pbar.close()
