前言
目前单片机开发大都使用Keil。但是Keil的编辑器很落后，和VScode比差远了。
今天用vscode+platformIO插件搭建单片机开发环境。
环境
单片机：普中-STC89C516RD+正文
一，安装vscode 和 platform
点击链接下载安装vscode: vscode官方下载地址vscode 搜索安装PlatformIO IDE安装时间较长
二，platform 使用
可以设置板子型号stc89c52。
板子的型号并不重要，因为型号决定板子支持的下载方式，支持的库。
重要的是板子的头文件，这个可以自己根据文档进行编写，也可以从Keil里面复制。
# 该路径下有 platform 提供的 STC89系列的头文件可以参考使用.platformio\platforms\intel_mcs51\examples\stc-header# SDCC默认include路径下的头文件也可参考c:/Users/fbh/.platformio/packages/toolchain-sdcc/include/**
可以自定义板子型号（可以参考官方文档：教程和示例 — PlatformIO 最新文档）。
我们使用STC-ISP下载程序。
项目编译
点击vscode右下角的对勾即可编译，得到的hex文件在下面的路径下。
${项目路径}\.pio\build\stc89c52rc
使用STC-ISP下载即可。
三，解决vscode 头文件搜索问题
vscode会根据配置文件去搜索头文件。
这个配置文件是platform自动生成的，会自动更新。所以不能直接在修改，要在platform.ini文件中修改。
build_flags = -I${path}
缺点是只能添加工程目录下的相对路径。
sdcc目录下的头文件可以直接包含，编译不会报错。但vscode语法提示会由于找不到include路径跑错。
比较好的一个解决方法是将必要的头文件放到工程目录下的include目录下。
比较重要的两个头文件(内容见最后附件)
compile.h ：支持SFR SBIT等操作符STC89XX.h : 单片机寄存器相关定义
四，和Keil的对比
缺点：
不方便在线调试
优点：vscode IDE 使用舒服可以利用现成的库，写代码更加方便更加了解底层的编译环境开源免费不用担心查水表
五，附件
compile.h/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------compiler.hCopyright (C) , Maarten Brock, sourceforge.brock@dse.nlPortions of this file are Copyright Silicon Laboratories, Inc./legal/version/v11/Silicon_Labs_Software_License_Agreement.txtThis library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify itunder the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by theFree Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) anylater version.This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty ofMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See theGNU General Public License for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to theFree Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,MA 02110-1301, USA.As a special exception, if you link this library with other files,some of which are compiled with SDCC, to produce an executable,this library does not by itself cause the resulting executable tobe covered by the GNU General Public License. This exception doesnot however invalidate any other reasons why the executable filemight be covered by the GNU General Public License.-------------------------------------------------------------------------*//** Header file to overcome 8051 compiler differences for specifying* special function registers. The following compilers are supported:* SDCC, Keil, Raisonance, IAR, Hi-Tech, Tasking, Crossware, Wickenhaeuser.* Unfortunately not for use with Dunfield. The compilers are identified by* their unique predefined macros. See also:* /precomp.html** SBIT and SFR define special bit and special function registers at the given* address. SFR16 and SFR32 define sfr combinations at adjacent addresses in* little-endian format. SFR16E and SFR32E define sfr combinations without* prerequisite byte order or adjacency. None of these multi-byte sfr* combinations will guarantee the order in which they are accessed when read* or written.* SFR16X and SFR32X for 16 bit and 32 bit xdata registers are not defined* to avoid portability issues because of compiler endianness.* SFR16LEX is provided for 16 bit little endian xdata registers. It is usable* on little endian compilers only; on big endian compilers, these registers* will not be defined.* This file is to be included in every microcontroller specific header file.* Example:** // my_mcu.h: sfr definitions for my mcu* #include <compiler.h>** SBIT (P0_1, 0x80, 1);// Port 0 pin 1** SFR (P0, 0x80); // Port 0** SFRX (CPUCS, 0xE600);// Cypress FX2 Control and Status register in xdata memory at 0xE600** SFR16 (TMR2, 0xCC); // Timer 2, lsb at 0xCC, msb at 0xCD** SFR16E(TMR0, 0x8C8A); // Timer 0, lsb at 0x8A, msb at 0x8C** SFR32 (MAC0ACC, 0x93);// SiLabs C8051F120 32 bits MAC0 Accumulator, lsb at 0x93, msb at 0x96** SFR32E(SUMR, 0xE5E4E3E2); // TI MSC1210 SUMR 32 bits Summation register, lsb at 0xE2, msb at 0xE5**/#ifndef COMPILER_H#define COMPILER_H/** SDCC - Small Device C Compiler* */typedef enum {true=1,false=0}bool;#if defined (SDCC) || defined (__SDCC)# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) __sbit __at(addr+bit)name# define SFR(name, addr) __sfr __at(addr) name# define SFRX(name, addr) __xdata volatile unsigned char __at(addr) name# define SFR16(name, addr)__sfr16 __at(((addr+1U)<<8) | addr) name# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) __sfr16 __at(fulladdr)name# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) __xdata volatile unsigned short __at(addr) name# define SFR32(name, addr)__sfr32 __at(((addr+3UL)<<24) | ((addr+2UL)<<16) | ((addr+1UL)<<8) | addr) name# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) __sfr32 __at(fulladdr)name# define INTERRUPT(name, vector) void name (void) __interrupt (vector)# define INTERRUPT_USING(name, vector, regnum) void name (void) __interrupt (vector) __using (regnum)// NOP () macro support#define NOP() __asm NOP __endasm/** Keil C51* */#elif defined __CX51__# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) sbit name = addr^bit# define SFR(name, addr) sfr name = addr# define SFRX(name, addr) volatile unsigned char xdata name _at_ addr# define SFR16(name, addr)sfr16 name = addr# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define INTERRUPT(name, vector) void name (void) interrupt vector# define INTERRUPT_USING(name, vector, regnum) void name (void) interrupt vector using regnum// NOP () macro supportextern void _nop_ (void);#define NOP() _nop_()/** Raisonance* */#elif defined __RC51__# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) at (addr+bit) sbit name# define SFR(name, addr) sfr at addrname# define SFRX(name, addr) xdata at addr volatile unsigned char name# define SFR16(name, addr)sfr16 at addr name# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define INTERRUPT(name, vector) void name (void) interrupt vector# define INTERRUPT_USING(name, vector, regnum) void name (void) interrupt vector using regnum// NOP () macro support -- NOP is opcode 0x00#define NOP() asm {0x00 }/** IAR 8051* */#elif defined __ICC8051__# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) __bit __no_init volatile bool name @ (addr+bit)# define SFR(name, addr) __sfr __no_init volatile unsigned char name @ addr# define SFRX(name, addr) __xdata __no_init volatile unsigned char name @ addr# define SFR16(name, addr)__sfr __no_init volatile unsigned int name @ addr# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) __sfr __no_init volatile unsigned long name @ addr# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define _PPTOSTR_(x) #x# define _PPARAM_(address) _PPTOSTR_(vector=address * 8 + 3)# define _PPARAM2_(regbank) _PPTOSTR_(register_bank=regbank)# define INTERRUPT(name, vector) _Pragma(_PPARAM_(vector)) __interrupt void name(void)# define INTERRUPT_USING(name, vector, regnum) _Pragma(_PPARAM2_(regnum)) _Pragma(_PPARAM_(vector)) __interrupt void name(void)extern __intrinsic void __no_operation (void);#define NOP() __no_operation()/** Tasking / Altium* /tasking*/#elif defined _CC51# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) _sfrbit name _at(addr+bit)# define SFR(name, addr) _sfrbyte name _at(addr)# define SFRX(name, addr) _xdat volatile unsigned char name _at(addr)#if _CC51 > 71# define SFR16(name, addr)_sfrword _little name _at(addr)#else# define SFR16(name, addr)/* not supported */#endif# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define INTERRUPT(name, vector) _interrupt (vector) void name (void)# define INTERRUPT_USING(name, vector, regnum) _interrupt (vector) _using(regnum) void name (void)// NOP () macro supportextern void _nop (void);#define NOP() _nop()/** Hi-Tech 8051* */#elif defined HI_TECH_C# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) volatile bit name @ (addr+bit)# define SFR(name, addr) volatile unsigned char name @ addr# define SFRX(name, addr) volatile far unsigned char name @ addr# define SFR16(name, addr)/* not supported */# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define INTERRUPT(name, vector) void name (void) interrupt vector# define INTERRUPT_PROTO(name, vector)// NOP () macro support#define NOP() asm(" nop ")/** Crossware* */#elif defined _XC51_VER# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) _sfrbit name = (addr+bit)# define SFR(name, addr) _sfrname = addr# define SFRX(name, addr) volatile unsigned char _xdata name _at addr# define SFR16(name, addr)_sfrword name = addr# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported *//** Wickenhaeuser* http://www.wickenhaeuser.de*/#elif defined __UC__# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) unsigned char bit name @ (addr+bit)# define SFR(name, addr) near unsigned char name @ addr# define SFRX(name, addr) xdata volatile unsigned char name @ addr# define SFR16(name, addr)/* not supported */# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) /* not supported */# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) /* not supported */# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) /* not supported *//** default* unrecognized compiler*/#else# warning unrecognized compiler# define SBIT(name, addr, bit) volatile bool name# define SFR(name, addr) volatile unsigned char name# define SFRX(name, addr) volatile unsigned char name# define SFR16(name, addr)volatile unsigned short name# define SFR16E(name, fulladdr) volatile unsigned short name# define SFR16LEX(name, addr) volatile unsigned short name# define SFR32(name, fulladdr) volatile unsigned long name# define SFR32E(name, fulladdr) volatile unsigned long name#endif#endif //COMPILER_H
STC89XX头文件
#ifndef STC89xx_H#define STC89xx_H#include <compiler.h>// 适用于 STC89xx / STC90xx 系列的芯片// Modified based on STC-ISP version by: ZnHoCn/* The following is STC additional SFR*//** #define _AUXR 0x8e* SFR(AUXR, 0x8e);* #define _AUXR1 0xa2* SFR(AUXR1, 0xa2);* #define _IPH 0xb7* SFR(IPH, 0xb7);*/#define _P4 0xe8SFR(P4, 0xe8);SBIT(P46, _P4, 6);SBIT(P45, _P4, 5);//ISP下载需勾选"ALE脚用作P4.5口"SBIT(P44, _P4, 4);SBIT(P43, _P4, 3);SBIT(P42, _P4, 2);SBIT(P41, _P4, 1);SBIT(P40, _P4, 0);#define _XICON 0xc0SFR(XICON, 0xc0);#define _WDT_CONTR 0xe1SFR(WDT_CONTR, 0xe1);#define _ISP_DATA 0xe2SFR(ISP_DATA, 0xe2);#define _ISP_ADDRH 0xe3SFR(ISP_ADDRH, 0xe3);#define _ISP_ADDRL 0xe4SFR(ISP_ADDRL, 0xe4);#define _ISP_CMD 0xe5SFR(ISP_CMD, 0xe5);#define _ISP_TRIG 0xe6SFR(ISP_TRIG, 0xe6);#define _ISP_CONTR 0xe7SFR(ISP_CONTR, 0xe7);/* Above is STC additional SFR *//*--------------------------------------------------------------------------REG51F.HHeader file for 8xC31/51, 80C51Fx, 80C51Rx+Copyright (c) 1988-1999 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.All rights reserved.Modification according to DataSheet from April 1999- SFR's AUXR and AUXR1 added for 80C51Rx+ derivatives--------------------------------------------------------------------------*//* BYTE Registers */#define _P0 0x80SFR(P0, 0x80);SBIT(P00, _P0, 0);SBIT(P01, _P0, 1);SBIT(P02, _P0, 2);SBIT(P03, _P0, 3);SBIT(P04, _P0, 4);SBIT(P05, _P0, 5);SBIT(P06, _P0, 6);SBIT(P07, _P0, 7);#define _P1 0x90SFR(P1, 0x90);SBIT(P10, _P1, 0);SBIT(P11, _P1, 1);SBIT(P12, _P1, 2);SBIT(P13, _P1, 3);SBIT(P14, _P1, 4);SBIT(P15, _P1, 5);SBIT(P16, _P1, 6);SBIT(P17, _P1, 7);#define _P2 0xA0SFR(P2, 0xA0);SBIT(P20, _P2, 0);SBIT(P21, _P2, 1);SBIT(P22, _P2, 2);SBIT(P23, _P2, 3);SBIT(P24, _P2, 4);SBIT(P25, _P2, 5);SBIT(P26, _P2, 6);SBIT(P27, _P2, 7);#define _P3 0xB0SFR(P3, 0xB0);SBIT(P30, _P3, 0);SBIT(P31, _P3, 1);SBIT(P32, _P3, 2);SBIT(P33, _P3, 3);SBIT(P34, _P3, 4);SBIT(P35, _P3, 5);SBIT(P36, _P3, 6);SBIT(P37, _P3, 7);#define _PSW 0xD0SFR(PSW, 0xD0);#define _ACC 0xE0SFR(ACC, 0xE0);#define _B 0xF0SFR(B, 0xF0);#define _SP 0x81SFR(SP, 0x81);#define _DPL 0x82SFR(DPL, 0x82);#define _DPH 0x83SFR(DPH, 0x83);#define _PCON 0x87SFR(PCON, 0x87);#define _TCON 0x88SFR(TCON, 0x88);#define _TMOD 0x89SFR(TMOD, 0x89);#define _TL0 0x8ASFR(TL0, 0x8A);#define _TL1 0x8BSFR(TL1, 0x8B);#define _TH0 0x8CSFR(TH0, 0x8C);#define _TH1 0x8DSFR(TH1, 0x8D);#define _IE 0xA8SFR(IE, 0xA8);#define _IP 0xB8SFR(IP, 0xB8);#define _SCON 0x98SFR(SCON, 0x98);#define _SBUF 0x99SFR(SBUF, 0x99);/* 80C51Fx/Rx Extensions */#define _AUXR 0x8ESFR(AUXR, 0x8E);#define _AUXR1 0xA2SFR(AUXR1, 0xA2);#define _SADDR 0xA9SFR(SADDR, 0xA9);#define _IPH 0xB7SFR(IPH, 0xB7);#define _SADEN 0xB9SFR(SADEN, 0xB9);#define _T2CON 0xC8SFR(T2CON, 0xC8);#define _T2MOD 0xC9SFR(T2MOD, 0xC9);#define _RCAP2L 0xCASFR(RCAP2L, 0xCA);#define _RCAP2H 0xCBSFR(RCAP2H, 0xCB);#define _TL2 0xCCSFR(TL2, 0xCC);#define _TH2 0xCDSFR(TH2, 0xCD);/* PCA SFR#define _CCON 0xD8SFR(CCON, 0xD8);#define _CMOD 0xD9SFR(CMOD, 0xD9);#define _CCAPM0 0xDASFR(CCAPM0, 0xDA);#define _CCAPM1 0xDBSFR(CCAPM1, 0xDB);#define _CCAPM2 0xDCSFR(CCAPM2, 0xDC);#define _CCAPM3 0xDDSFR(CCAPM3, 0xDD);#define _CCAPM4 0xDESFR(CCAPM4, 0xDE);#define _CL 0xE9SFR(CL, 0xE9);#define _CCAP0L 0xEASFR(CCAP0L, 0xEA);#define _CCAP1L 0xEBSFR(CCAP1L, 0xEB);#define _CCAP2L 0xECSFR(CCAP2L, 0xEC);#define _CCAP3L 0xEDSFR(CCAP3L, 0xED);#define _CCAP4L 0xEESFR(CCAP4L, 0xEE);#define _CH 0xF9SFR(CH, 0xF9);#define _CCAP0H 0xFASFR(CCAP0H, 0xFA);#define _CCAP1H 0xFBSFR(CCAP1H, 0xFB);#define _CCAP2H 0xFCSFR(CCAP2H, 0xFC);#define _CCAP3H 0xFDSFR(CCAP3H, 0xFD);#define _CCAP4H 0xFESFR(CCAP4H, 0xFE);*//* BIT Registers *//* PSW */SBIT(CY, _PSW, 7);SBIT(AC, _PSW, 6);SBIT(F0, _PSW, 5);SBIT(RS1, _PSW, 4);SBIT(RS0, _PSW, 3);SBIT(OV, _PSW, 2);SBIT(P, _PSW, 0);/* TCON */SBIT(TF1, _TCON, 7);SBIT(TR1, _TCON, 6);SBIT(TF0, _TCON, 5);SBIT(TR0, _TCON, 4);SBIT(IE1, _TCON, 3);SBIT(IT1, _TCON, 2);SBIT(IE0, _TCON, 1);SBIT(IT0, _TCON, 0);/* IE */SBIT(EA, _IE, 7);SBIT(EC, _IE, 6);SBIT(ET2, _IE, 5);SBIT(ES, _IE, 4);SBIT(ET1, _IE, 3);SBIT(EX1, _IE, 2);SBIT(ET0, _IE, 1);SBIT(EX0, _IE, 0);/* IP *//* SBIT(PPC, _IP, 6);*/SBIT(PT2, _IP, 5);SBIT(PS, _IP, 4);SBIT(PT1, _IP, 3);SBIT(PX1, _IP, 2);SBIT(PT0, _IP, 1);SBIT(PX0, _IP, 0);/* P3 */SBIT(RD, _P3, 7);SBIT(WR, _P3, 6);SBIT(T1, _P3, 5);SBIT(T0, _P3, 4);SBIT(INT1, _P3, 3);SBIT(INT0, _P3, 2);SBIT(TXD, _P3, 1);SBIT(RXD, _P3, 0);/* SCON */SBIT(SM0, _SCON, 7); // alternatively "FE"SBIT(FE, _SCON, 7);SBIT(SM1, _SCON, 6);SBIT(SM2, _SCON, 5);SBIT(REN, _SCON, 4);SBIT(TB8, _SCON, 3);SBIT(RB8, _SCON, 2);SBIT(TI, _SCON, 1);SBIT(RI, _SCON, 0);/* P1 *//* PCASBIT(CEX4, _P1, 7);SBIT(CEX3, _P1, 6);SBIT(CEX2, _P1, 5);SBIT(CEX1, _P1, 4);SBIT(CEX0, _P1, 3);SBIT(ECI, _P1, 2);*/SBIT(T2EX, _P1, 1);SBIT(T2, _P1, 0);/* T2CON */SBIT(TF2, _T2CON, 7);SBIT(EXF2, _T2CON, 6);SBIT(RCLK, _T2CON, 5);SBIT(TCLK, _T2CON, 4);SBIT(EXEN2, _T2CON, 3);SBIT(TR2, _T2CON, 2);SBIT(C_T2, _T2CON, 1);SBIT(CP_RL2, _T2CON, 0);/* CCON *//* PCASBIT(CF, _CCON, 7);SBIT(CR, _CCON, 6);SBIT(CCF4, _CCON, 4);SBIT(CCF3, _CCON, 3);SBIT(CCF2, _CCON, 2);SBIT(CCF1, _CCON, 1);SBIT(CCF0, _CCON, 0);*/#endif
