【第18讲 被动语态复习 abc】
a.熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:
一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:shall /will be +p.p.
现在完成时:have /has been +p.p.
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时:should /would be +p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:
① chinese ______ by the largest number of people.
a.speak
b.is speaking
c.speaks
d.is spoken
(选d。考查一般现在时的被动语态)
② the boy ______ to get supper ready after school.
a.were told
b.is telling
c.was told
d.tells
(选c。考查一般过去时的被动语态)
③ a lot of new roads ______ built in the west of china.
a.must
b.must be
c.has
d.have
(选b。考查含情态动词的被动语态)
b.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。例如:
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
the tree ______ ______ by that boy.
(填was broken)
c.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:
① you must throw the broken pottery away at once.
the broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)
(填m ust be thrown away)
② where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)
d.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:
① he told us a story.(变被动语态)
→we were told a story(by him).或:a story was told to us by him.
② her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)
a new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
(填was given to)
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:
① this dictionary mustn"t ______ from the library.
a.take away
b.taken away
c.are taken away
d.be taken away
[d]
② she will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)
the children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).
(填be taken good care of)