现在分词又称-ing形式、现在进行时,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分,并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
现在分词构成形式
do→doingsing→singingstudy→studyingcomfort→comforting
dance→dancinglike→likingwrite→writingmake→makingtake→taking
run→runningcut→cuttingswim→swimming
picnic→picnickingtraffic→trafficking(例外:arc作弧形运动,arcing)
kidnap→kidnapping/kidnaping(U.S.)worship→worshipping/worshiping(U.S.)handicap→handicapping/handicaping(U.S.)program→programming/programing(U.S.)focus→focussing/focusing(U.S.)
现在分词用法举例
We came to know many people by mere chance—say,having been at the same table at a dinner party.having....作什么状语?
可以理解现在分词短语作原因状语,来举例说明与某人相识的原因。在一个饭局上碰巧与某人同桌在先,然后came to know him. 所以分词用了完成体。如果分词用在句首,则可以用一般体 Being at the same table at a dinner party, I came to know Mr. Smith. 此时,现在分词短语可以理解为时间状语或原因状语。
又如:Tom came/got to know his girl friend by mere chance,having helped her when she was involved in a traffic accident.
by mere chance作状语修饰came to know people,现在分词就可以表示这样的一种偶然的机会。例子本身是状语。