新托福综合写作部分主要考察了学生听写能力,也就是综合能力,它要求考生利用听到的材料和阅读材料进行写作,所以说它的重要性不言而喻。具体会要求我们先花3分钟的时间读一篇300字左右的文章,之后听一段相关的材料,最后根据听到的内容和阅读材料写出一篇180-225个字之间的文章。下面是小编给大家带来的例讲解托福综合写作要点及备考策略,希望能帮到大家!
实例讲解托福综合写作要点及备考策略
简单来说,综合写作就是对阅读和听力的归纳总结。但是这看似简单的归纳总结,对大部分同学来说却是一个不小的挑战,尤其是自认为听力不好的同学。今天我们就来看看新托福有哪些写作要点。
阅读和听力的关系一般是相反的
根据对以往托福考试中综合写作的分析,可以得出这样一条规律,听力总是会反驳阅读的内容,而且听力和阅读材料肯定是对同一话题的讨论。比如官方真题Official第一套的综合写作,阅读主要是说四天工作制对于公司、经济、雇员有好处,听力中主要论证的是四天工作制对于这三者没好处。
阅读和听力文章的内容形式是一定的
纵观官方真题Official综合写作的文章,不难发现,不论是阅读还是听力都是给出一个主题句,之后用三个论点进行论证。而且阅读中的论点和听力中的论点是对应的,听力中分别对阅读论点加以反驳。
根据以上总结出来的规律作为依据,我们在听力不好的情况下,通过阅读文章进行对听力的预测和判断,依然可以得到重要的信息。
策略一:找出阅读的主旨句,推断听力的主旨句
根据以上两个依据,我们可以得出结论:听力基本上是反驳阅读的内容。所以我们找出阅读主旨句的同时,就可以推测出来听力的主旨句。以官方真题Official1为例。
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.(官方真题Official1)
通过分析官方真题Official1综合写作的阅读文章,可以得出以上第一段划线部分为整篇文章的主旨句。通过逆袭依据一,我们可以推测出听力中的主旨句应为此句的反面。让我们来看一下听力中的主旨句是否如此。
Offering employees the option of a four-day workweek won’t affect the company profits, economic conditions or the lives of employees in the ways the reading suggests.
听力中的第一段就验证了我们的推测,四天工作制不会对公司、经济、雇员有好处。因此,在听力听不懂的情况下,我们依然可以通过阅读文章得出听力的主旨句。
策略二:找出阅读的论点句,推断出听力的论点
通过逆袭策略二,我们可以得出,阅读和听力都是由三个论点来支持主旨句,因此在总结听力内容时,三个论点也是我们要找的重要信息。在听力听不懂的情况下,我们能不能通过阅读文章来推测出听力的论点呢。首先来看一下阅读文章的第二段。
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company benefits.
很显然,这一段主要说明的是缩短的工作制对公司带来了好处,增加了公司收益。如果按照逆袭依据一,我们就可以推测出听力中肯定说的是没有增加公司收益。下面来看一下听力中的第一个论点。
First, offering a four-day workweek will probably force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more. Adding new workers means putting much more money into providing training and medical benefits. Remember the costs of things like health benefits can be the same whether an employee works four days or five. And having more employees also requires more office space and more computers. These additional costs would quickly cut into company profits.
听力中很显然论证的就是四天工作制减少了公司收益,让公司花费更多。至于花费在什么地方了,那就是听力中我们需要去记的细节了。即便在听不懂的情况下,我们依然可以推测出听力中的第一个论点。其他的论点也是如此。
托福写作:"吸烟有害健康"的表达方法
健康类话题不仅是托福写作常考的话题,也是我们日常生活中的热门话题。那么,大家知道多少种“……有害健康”的表达呢?下面我们就以“吸烟有害健康”为例,来讨论一下“…有害健康”的表达。
首先来看Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary中的5个例句,意思都为“吸烟有害健康”:
1. Smoking is bad for your health.
2. Smoking is harmful to your health.
3. Smoking can be damaging to your health.
4. Smoking damages your health.
5. Smoking is a serious health hazard.
前4个句子是较为初级的表达,但要注意bad跟for搭配,而harmful和damaging跟to搭配。
第5个句子是比较高级的表达,用的是名词结构a serious health hazard(名词结构是高级英语的一个标志),其中hazard是“危险”的意思,形容词是hazardous,可以看作dangerous的升级版。
讨论了“……有害健康”,现在我们来看看“……有利健康”吧。先看两个Oxford Advanced Learner’sEnglish-Chinese Dictionary中的例句:
Exercise is good for the health.
Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.
第1个句子中的good for与前面讲的bad for对应;
第2个句子中的beneficial to与前面讲的harmful to对应;
可以捆绑起来记忆。
现在,有害和有利都说了,那么有没有什么地道的表达是把有害和有利结合起来说的呢?答案是肯定的,那就是do more harm than good(弊大于利),或者do more good than harm(利大于弊,但这个说法没有前者常见),来看一个例句:
【例】Strenuous exercise can often do more harm than good. 剧烈的体育锻炼,其坏处常常是大于好处的。
(来源:MacMillan English Dictionary – American)