【养殖效益】如何有效提高肉牛热胴体重

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有效的酶制剂可以帮助改善瘤胃中的挥发性脂肪酸比例，从而导致动物生理改变，饲料成分降解，从而提高肉牛的新陈代谢，最大化胴体增重，优化整体生产性能。

研究表明，只有通过改善饲料效率来提升动物健康，才能增加肉牛的热酮体重。

牧场会使用高能饲料已达到增重潜能。对于这么高的养殖成本，如果要增加牧场的盈利能力，必须让牛只尽可能高效地利用饲料中的营养成分。

牛只主要依靠瘤胃来分解纤维；然而，一些未消化的饲料会过瘤胃并导致：

在后肠道发酵

消化不良

饲料转化率低

找出问题所在

奥特奇动物营养学和应用动物营养学中心的科学家们不断分析特定的饲料原料和配方如何改变动物的基因表达和性能。对肉牛肥育阶段的研究主要集中在肉牛的热胴体重增加和提高饲料效率等方面。科学家们也发现了一种方法来预测动物对某些饲料原料的反应。

米曲霉发酵提取物，含有α-淀粉酶，可以改善淀粉消化，最大限度地提高饲料效率和生产性能。瘤胃中挥发性脂肪酸比例的改变会导致动物生理改变，从而提高饲料消化，增强肉牛的新陈代谢。提升胴体重，优化生产性能。使用传统技术，研究人员们也成功地证明了在日粮中添加米曲霉发酵提取物可以增加肉牛胴体体重。

深入研究

然而，使用基因表达来检测瘤胃发酵模式和组织样本表明，米曲霉发酵提取物的作用模式比它表面显现的复杂得多。对动物新陈代谢系统的影响表明，这种酶不仅仅是通过增加消化来优化动物生长的；而是，同时增加了与纤维消化有关的微生物的数量，。微生物种群的改变导致瘤胃发酵模式和终产物的变化，包括丁酸浓度和其他代谢物的增加。

这种转变也影响了包括血液代谢物和与能量利用相关基因的变化。基因表达评估表明，在肌肉组织中，与胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素受体和生长激素受体表达相关的基因受到了正向调控。基因表达的变化也表明动物体能量平衡的改善与代谢活动的增加之间存在相关关系，因此导致肌肉的生长。

营养基因组学使科学家能够更精确地了解米曲霉发酵提取物的作用机制，从而实现特定性地帮助养殖场改善日粮配方，适时加入适量酶，最终提高肉牛的生长效率。

从理论到实践

营养基因组学研究已经证明，提高热胴体重可以提升屠宰率，同时，成品肉牛的胴体重增加，也会提升牧场的投资回报率。

自从米曲霉发酵提取物被发现以来，在大学和商业环境中都进行了大量的研究。这些研究证实，对于养殖场肉牛，其理想剂量是每头牛每天5克；剂量也不是越高越好。

分别看这些研究试验，每一个试验都表明饲喂米曲霉发酵提取物具有积极作用，所以当整体考虑时其正向作用也是显而易见的。这些这些研究包括了各种品种，日粮 (包括蒸汽片、碾压和高水分玉米日粮)、地理位置和天气条件等因素，表明了米曲霉发酵提取物在不同条件下都可以保证其一致性。研究结果表明，米曲霉发酵提取物可以使肉牛屠宰率平均提高0.5%，热胴体重提高7公斤。在当前肉牛市场条件下，这样的性能提升对于生产者来说，投资回报会是非常诱人的。

How to increase hot carcass weight by 15 pounds

Amaize fractions starch to change the volatile fatty acid profile in the rumen, which leads to physiological changes in the animal, breaking down feed ingredients to enhance cattle metabolism, maximizing carcass gain and optimizing overall performance.

Research shows that, in order to increase hot carcass weight in beef cattle, farmers need to work toward producing healthier animals by increasing feed efficiency.

Feedlot cattle use high-energy feed ingredients to reach their potential for meat production. With high production costs, animals must be as efficient as possible at utilizing the nutrients released from feeds in order to increase profitability at the feedlot.

Cattle rely on the rumen to break down fiber; however, some undigested ingredients can bypass the rumen and cause:

Hindgut fermentation

Indigestion

Less effective use of nutrients

Identify the problem

Scientists at the Alltech Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition continuously analyze how specific food and diet formulations can change gene expression and alter performance. Research into the finishing stage has focused on aspects such as hot carcass weight and feed efficiency in beef cattle. Scientists have even discovered a way to predict responses to certain feed ingredients.

Conduct research in the lab

Examining rumen fermentation patterns and tissue samples using gene expression, however, showed that the mode of action for Amaize was much more complex than it originally appeared. The enzyme’s impact on the animal’s metabolic system showed that Amaize optimizes animal growth not by increasing digestion; rather, Amaize promotes specific rumen microbial populations that would typically be associated with fiber digestion. Modification in microbial populations resulted in changes in rumen fermentation patterns and end products, including increased butyrate concentrations and other metabolites.

The downstream effects of this shift include changes to the blood metabolites and genes related to energy utilization for growth. Gene expression evaluations have shown that genes related to the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin receptors and growth hormone receptors were affected positively in muscle tissue. Changes in gene expression suggest a correlation to improved energy balance, increased metabolic activity and, therefore, muscle growth.

Nutrigenomics has allowed scientists to more precisely understand the mechanism of action of Amaize, making it possible to issue specific recommendations to farmers regarding when and how to incorporate Amaize into their cattle’s diets, increasing growth efficiency in beef cattle.

Get out of the lab and into the field

While nutrigenomic studies have proven that an increase in hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were possible, field research confirmed the phenomenon of higher carcass weight in finished beef cattle, correlating to an increase in ROI. Since the discovery of the Amaize enzyme, numerous studies have been conducted in both university and commercial settings. These studies confirmed that the ideal dose rate for Amaize is 5 grams per head per day for feedlot cattle; there are no additional benefits associated with providing it at higher levels.

While, individually, each of these studies showed the positive effects of feeding Amaize, it was when they were examined as a whole that the real value for the producer was uncovered. These studies included a variety of breeds, diets (including steam-flaked, rolled and high-moisture corn-based diets), locations and weather conditions — proving the consistency of Amaize in diverse conditions. The studies showed that, on average, the product has the ability to increase dressing percentage by 0.5% units and hot carcass weight by 15.5 pounds. In today’s cattle market, that extra 15.5 pounds of hot carcass weight means that Amaize achieved a high return on investment.