句型一
Subject (主语)+ Verb (谓语)
这一句型中的谓语动词大多是不及物动词,即这种动词后不可以直接接宾语,但句中常带有状语。常见的不及物动词有work, jump, arrive, come, disappear, happen等。
句型二
Subject(主语) + Verb(谓语) + Object(宾语)
这一句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 即这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
句型三
Subject(主语)+ 系动词+ Predicative(表语)
这一句型用来表示主语的特征、状态、身份等。系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式,也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有:appear(看来;显得), become(变成),feel(摸起来;感到), get(变得), grow(变得), look(看上去), remain(仍然是), seem(看起来), stay(保持), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), turn(变成), taste(尝起来)等。
句型四
Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
在这一句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring等。
句型五
Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object (宾语)+Object Complement(宾语补足语)
这一句型中的“宾语 + 补语”称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用是补充说明宾语的特点或表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
句型六
There be 句型
There be句型表示某个地方存在某物或某人,可译为“有”。be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。如:
There was a picture in the magazine.
There are many common methods used to cook fish.
There be 句型中需要注意的几点:
1. There be 句型表示“存在……”,不表示所属关系。
2. There be 句型中的be 应和紧随其后出现的主语在数上一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
3. 谓语动词be也可被一些不及物动词代替,如 live,stand,exist,remain等。如:There lives a family of five in the village.There remains nothing more to be done.
4. There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no。如:
There isn"t a policeman on the street.
There are no pictures on the wall.
【练一练】
一、判断下面句型的基本结构。
1.I have a lot of clothes to wash.
____________________________________
2. Both Mary and I enjoy country music.
____________________________________
3. The waiter brought me a bottle of beer.
____________________________________
4. He gave his son some advice on reading.
____________________________________
5. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.
____________________________________
6. I wrote him a thank-you note for helping me.
____________________________________
7. Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.
____________________________________
8. My mouth felt completely dry.
____________________________________
二、把下列句子改成否定句。
1. There are two books on the table.
____________________________________
2. There is some water in the bottle.
____________________________________
3. There is a bird on the tree.
____________________________________
4. There is a large tree in the park.
____________________________________
三、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.There _____ (be) some people singing in the park.
2. There _____ (be) five hundred dollars to pay.
3. There _____ (be) five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
4. There _____ (be) a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.
【练一练】答案
一、
1.主语+谓语+宾语+后置定语
2. 主语+谓语+宾语
3. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
6. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
7. 主语+谓语
8. 主语+系动词+表语
二、
1. There are not two books on the table.
2. There is not any water in the bottle. / There is no water in the bottle.
3. There is not a bird on the tree.
4. There is not a large tree in the park.
三、
1. are
2. is
3. are
4. is