从近几年阅读理解题型中，我们可以看出“细节理解题”和“推理判断题”还是占了绝对的数量，所以我们需要在解题的时候学会如何定位关键词，找出答案的依据。
题型一，细节理解题
文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。
此类题型多数针对文章的细节涉及而成，其主要的提问方式有：
1. Which of the following is (not)right?
2. Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
3. All of the following are ( not) true ?/ (not) mentioned except
4. Choose the right order of this passage.
5. From this passage we know / can learn .
因为就议论文和说明文而言，作者在阐明准备论述的问题或观点后，通常会用大量具体的事实细节去说明或支持它们。
这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字，也可以采用下定义、作比较、对比、打比方等方法去组织。
I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world.
Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth. ”
I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface(表面)”.
As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive(原谅) me.
I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.
My hope turned to disappointment(失望), then little interest and, finally, peace— it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times.
Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.
阅读理解细节题的套路在哪里呢？
一， 强转折和 强对比处常考，unlike
but, however, although
攻略： 这些词之前不是重点，之后所表述的内容才是重点
A 具有X属性，B 与A 不同，问B有什么属性？ 答案：非X属性
二， 列举处或举例处常考
列举：first, second, third, finally, first of all, then, further, furthermore, besides, moreover
Which题型Except 题型---文章里面列举的点在阅读的过程中做好标示
举例：for example , for instance, such as, as, like, take …as an example
攻略—一般来说for example 前面的那句话是中心句
三， 数字和年代常考
阅读的过程中把事件和年代圈出来
四， 最高级和绝对含义常考
never, all, only, no , none, always, must
most, adj.+est, adv.+ est
攻略： 在阅读的时候把含有绝对化或最高级的那句话标上小红旗，还有要注意一些表达特殊感情的词
细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点：
首先，阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词least (最不)，always (总是)，never (永不)，all (所有)，none (一个也不)，any (任何) 和表示唯一性的词汇only (只有), just (仅仅)，往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。
其次，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。
最后，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中直接列出的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。
题型二，猜测词义题
猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：
1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。
2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The underlined word / phrase "..." refers to / means...
2. The word / phrase “...” is closest to ______.
3. What does the underlined word “...” mean (in Chinese)?
4. The word/ sentence (……) suggests
5. According to passage, what is “……”?
6. When the writer says that …….., he means .
1. 复述推测法
根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围，复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等，也常用or, similarly, that is to say, in other words等。
Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be –thousands of flaming taking off into the sky at once!
What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Frustrating. B. Surprising. C. Terrible. D. Fantastic.
【解析】D。thousands of flaming taking off into the sky是对a spectacular sight的解释，很显然，“成千上万的发光发亮的物体飞上天空”是很壮观的、惊人的，所以正确答案是D。
2. 替代、说明、举例推测法
文章的前后文有时会对生词、短语、句子进行解释说明，或用其它词汇替代，或举例进行阐述说明，由此可推断出其所指含义。
The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace. Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it, so they can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it. Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces.
What does “at their own pace” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. According to their own timetable. B. Without their teachers’ help.
C. Because of their wonderful goals. D. Against their parents’ hope.
【解析】A。后文some ... only once, other students ... again and again是对划线短语at their own pace的举例说明，所以理解了所举例子的含义，即理解了划线短语的意思。事例说明不同的人理解一段对话需要听不同的次数，可知at their own pace是根据自己的timetable决定的，故选A。
3. 因果关系法
在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词的词义。常见的标志词有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等。
More than just working to live, I enjoy making a difference and trying my best for the whole progress. I would also like to be well remunerated for my hard work, so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money. Then I can provide the best for my family.
The underlined word “remunerated” in the passage means “_____”.
A. trained B. praised C. accepted D. paid
【解析】D。由下文so可知，划线单词所在的句子是原因。句意为：因为我也希望努力工作，所以我可以用辛苦赚来的钱过舒服的生活。故可推断出划线单词意思是“赚钱”、“获得报酬”之意，所以答案选D。
4. 代词替代法
代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。
【例7：山东滨州卷】
... Ma, a former English teacher, has become the richest man in China.
Born in 1964 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Ma grew up as a happy kid. When he was a teenager, he wanted to learn English. Every morning, he got up at 5 am, rode his bike for 40 minutes to a hotel near the West Lake and talked with foreign tourists in English. He did it for nine years, rain or shine.
The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to _____.
A. riding a bike B. teaching English
C. playing on computers D. practicing English with foreign tourists
【解析】D。联系下文rain or shine可知it指一种比较难坚持的活动，联系上文可推断出it指“和外国游客练习英语”这件事，故选D。此外A选项riding a bike是上一段的内容，多数情况下，代词所指的是前文刚刚提到或紧跟其后的内容。
5. 根据反义词和对比关系猜测词义
有时文中会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语，来表现事物之间的差异和观点的不同。这时往往会出现转折词but, yet, while, in spite of, on the contrary, instead of等。
【例9：安徽卷】
In our daily life, a typical (典型的) lie for a man is “I did not drink that much” and for a woman is “Nothing is wrong. I’m fine.” It is found that nurses are the most honest people, while sales people and politicians (政客) are the biggest liars.
The underlined word “liars” probably means “_____”.
A. 获利者 B. 说谎者 C. 影响者 D. 领导者
【解析】B。联系上文可知，liars是和上文honest people相对的一类人，即“不诚实的人”，故选B。此处根据构词法也可推断出答案，liar是lie的派生名词，即“撒谎的人”。
6. 根据构词法判断
英语构词可分为三类：合成、转化和派生词。
(1)合成词通常是把两个或三个词组合在一起构成一个具有不同含义的新词。有些合成了的新词连写，如：basketball；有些词合成之后，词与词之间要用连字符连接起来，如：well-known。
(2)转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。如：
Our classroom is clean and tidy. (ad.)
They clean their room every day. (v.)
(3)派生是通过在一个词根(root)的前面加前缀(prefix)或在其后加后缀(suffix)构成一个新单词即派生词，如：visit → visitor。
【例11：浙江湖州卷】
How do you practice listening? Here are some basic rules:
...
Turn off your computer. The computer will distract you from your job at hand–listening.
The underlined word “distract” in the 6th paragraph means “_____”.
A. 使担忧 B. 使放松 C. 使分心 D. 使冷静
【解析】C。联系上文可知，Turn off your computer.是练习听力的一条规定。在练习听力时要关了电脑，说明电脑影响你练习听力，故distract表达不利的“影响”之意，故选C。我们也可根据构词法来判断，dis-是否定前缀，实际上distract是attract(吸引)的否定词。
题型三，推理判断题
常见命题模式如下：
1. It can be inferred from the text /the last paragraph / the first sentence that ?
2. We can infer that ?
3. The author suggests in the passage that ?
4. From the passage/ sentence/ the example, we can draw the conclusion that ?
5. It can be inferred (推断) from the story ___ __.
6. We can conclude / learn from the story that __ ___.
7. The passage is written for __ ___.
8. The passage may be taken from __ ___.
9. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?
10. Which of the following might happen later?
11. What does the writer / sb. think of sth?
12. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
此类题型的套路呢？
1．正确选项的特点：
(1) 正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；
(2) 正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；
(3) 正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
2．干扰选项的特点：
(1) 只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；
(2) 看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；
(3) 根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；
(4) 虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但可能推理过头、概括过度；
(5) 部分选项的内容纯属编造。
解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。
From: Wendy and Jack Brown
Date: September 22,
To: 8th and 9th graders at R.L.S. Junior School
Subject: Bonjour!
Bonjour! (That means hello in French.)
We hope you all had a great summer. Ours was a lot of fun. We have seen so many new things and met so many wonderful people. The French gave us a warm welcome and helped us get used to living here soon. We have so many things to share with all of you. We are going to send you more e-mails...
We miss all of you a lot. Write back to us and let us know what is new at home.
Au revoir! (Can you guess what that means in French?)
Wendy and Jack Brown
29. What do the Browns think of French people?
A. Friendly. B. Funny. C. Welcome. D. Popular.
【解析】从文章的格式可以看出，这是一封电子邮件，是Wendy and Jack Brown写给8th and 9th graders at R.L.S. Junior School的一封信，主要讲述了他们在法国的所见所闻。第29题问到Wendy and Jack Brown对法国人民的看法，这就没有固定的答案了，只能从作者叙述的事情以及语气中去判断他们的态度。从第一段We have seen so many new things and met so many wonderful people. The French gave us a warm welcome and helped us get used to living here soon.这两个句子可以看出，他们得到了法国人民的帮助，认为法国人民wonderful，所以可以推测出他们认为法国人民很友好。C选项具有极强的干扰性，虽然在文中出现了，但是welcome意为“受欢迎的”，用来描述游客是合适的，而不能用来形容本地人。故选A。
Imagine one day, the water taps (水龙头) in your house stop running...
Probably not. But that’s what kids in Yemen are experiencing...
Because of the shortage, the government often cuts the water supply (供应). Hannan, an 18-year-old from Lahej, told Times: “In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use. They can buy water from the shops or from the water trucks. Private companies own the trucks. They travel around the city every day to sell water – at very high prices. “A lot of people can’t afford it,” she said.
The average (平均) person in Yemen uses 100 to 200 cubic (立方) meters of water per year...
The government is thinking of making use of seawater...
59. We can infer from the passage that _____.
A. the poor don’t have to worry about the water supply
B. the 18-year-old boy is from a poor family
C. private companies make a lot of money
D. Lahej is a beautiful place
【解析】本题可以结合自己对生活的认识进行初步的判断。A选项指出“穷人不需要担心水的缺乏”，从常识来判断，一但整个社会缺乏水资源，穷人也面临同样的问题，而且穷人相对来讲没有购买力，出路更少，所以可初步推断为错误的。事实上，文中第四段提到Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use，也就是说富人相对不用担心。B选项是对Hannan的身份的推断，在第三段他说：“In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for a day or two.”并且下文中他对富人的指代词用的是they，因此可以判断Hannan应该是来自一个不太富裕的家庭。本文主要探讨了这个地区缺水的状况，并未涉及到C和D的内容，所以无法推断出这两项，因此选B。
题型四，主旨大意
这类题往往针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(中心思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)来命题。
这类题的解题关键是采用快速阅读法浏览全文，寻找文章的关键词或中心句。关键词即在文中频繁出现的词；中心句通常出现在文章的开头、结尾部分和各个段落的首尾。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主旨，解答此类题时，不妨把它作为最后一道来做。主旨大意题常见的提问方式有下列几种：
1. What’s the topic of the article?
2. What is the passage mainly about?
3. What’s the main idea of the passage?
4. What can we learn from the passage?
5. What is the best title/headline for this passage?
6. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ______.
7. In the passage the author wants to tell ______.
大意类：
1. What is the passage mainly about?
2. The main idea of the passage is _____.
3. The first/second/last ... paragraph is mainly about _____.
标题类：
1. What is the best title for the passage?
2. The best title for this passage might be _____.
3. The best headline for this passage could be _____.
目的型：
1. The author’s main purpose is to _____.
2. The passage is meant to _____.
3. The purpose of this article is to _____.
1. 段落大意类
【例1：】
For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380, 10 people can see; $1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world.
The last paragraph is mainly about _____.
A. how much a training program for a group of doctors costs
B. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their work
C. who can make thousands of blind people see again
D. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes
【解析】D。段落举出几个例子，说明不同的金钱额度可以为盲人做到的事情。A和C选项分别是其中某一例子，不能概括全段。B选项的意思是ORBIS需要你的帮助，借此呼吁读者，故B选项不正确。
【解题方法】提取关键词。关键词是在文章或段落中反复出现，甚至其它说明内容都为之服务的词语。段落中重复出现的词语有you, can, help (以及provide，在此表达意义相近)。找到关键词，我们就会发现，该段落的每一句话都站在读者“你”的角度，以“你能做某事来帮助盲人”为句子中心，呼吁读者做出自己的贡献。然后再综合四个选项，只有D选项包含了全部三个关键词。
2. 文章标题类
【例3：】
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.
Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a green horn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a green horn referred to a young cow or ox whose horns (角) had not yet developed. A century or so later, a green horn was for a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a green horn had the meaning it has today - a person who is new in a job.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling - jealousy (嫉妒).The green-eyed monster(怪物) is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something that he wants to get. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and he does not.
Which would be the best title of the passage?
A. Green, the color of grass and trees B. The stories about the color “green”
C. Green, a sign of approval D. Different meanings of “green”
【解析】D。这篇文章讲述了绿色的许多意义。第一段开头引出绿色的重要性，第二段到第四段分别说明绿色在不同语境不同环境的使用。A选项只说了绿色在自然界的意义；文章没有讲述绿色的故事，只提到了不同地方绿色代表的不同含义，B选项错误；C选项是最后一段的概括，以偏概全。
【解题方法】跳读。跳读方法之一：看句子主语。在第一段中有三个主语，两个主语都是代词It，很容易判断两个代词It指的是前文提到的Green，是进一步解释说明Green，属于细节内容。第三段第二句的主语The expression，用了定冠词，实际上也是指前文提到的内容。跳读方法之二：忽略举例词。第二段中for example是举例说明的标志词，也就是说，后面的内容举例，用来解释补充前面的观点。在把握主旨大意时，可以适当忽略。以此类推，我们通过跳读，分析出每个段落的主题句。例如这篇文章中，段落的主题句是首句。综合段落大意，每段讲了绿色的不同意义，从而总结出文章的最佳题目。
3. 中心思想类
【例5：】
For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.
As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.
Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.
Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Amusics’ strange behaviors. B. Musical ability.
C. Some people’s inability to enjoy music. D. Identification and treatment of amusic.
【解析】C。整篇文章的关键词是amusic (无法欣赏音乐的人)。文章主要介绍了amusic病症及其原因的简单探究。
【解题方法】抓住中心句。中心句是对文章内容的概括或总结，通常是段落首句或尾句。另外，首尾句通常也有承上启下的作用。所以，重视首尾句更有助于我们把握文章内容。在上面的这个例子中，每段的首句就是段落的中心句。第一段首句引出话题：amusic；第二段讲了amusic的表现；第三段讲了amusic现象背后的科学依据；第四段说明了amusic的现状。
4. 写作意图类
【例7：】
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those who are interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano（火山）surfing and land diving.
Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. Yasur is an active volcano, and it erupts（爆发）almost every day, sometimes several times a day. For centuries, people have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. Volcano surfers try to escape the erupting volcano—without getting hit by flying rocks! It’s fast, fun and dangerous—the perfect extreme sport（极限运动）.
Land Diving
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but do you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old The activity, first called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony（宗教仪式）. A man ties tree vines（树藤）to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head—without breaking the vine. Every spring, island natives (men only) still take part in this amazing activity.
What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To tell people not to do dangerous sports.
B. To explain what volcano surfing and land diving are.
C. To talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land diver.
D. To compare activities in Vanuatu with sports in New Zealand.
【解析】B。本篇文章介绍了南太平洋岛国瓦努阿图上的两项极限运动：火山滑板和陆地蹦极。第一段引入两项极限运动的话题；第二、三段分类介绍。
【解题方法】把握标题。有些文章有文章标题或段落标题。通过标题，我们就能了解文章或段落的主要内容或中心思想。段落标题常出现在说明文或议论文中，并且有提纲挈领的作用。这类文章通常采取总分总的形式，结构清晰。第一段通常引出话题；中间段落逐条介绍；最后有时也有总结性的段落。
