语法干货大放送 ▏被动语态

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被动语态

一被动语态的定义英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。1. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。Many people speakEnglish.2. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。English is spoken by many people.二被动语态的构成1. 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。2. 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。一般现在时：am/is/are＋done一般过去时：was/were＋done一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋done过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋done现在进行时：am/is/are being＋done过去进行时：was/were being＋done现在完成时：have/has been＋done过去完成时：had been＋done三被动语态的用法1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some newcomputers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。This book waspublished in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Eight hours per dayfor sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。四主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。All the peoplelaughed at him.—He was laughed atby all people.They make the bikesin the factory.—The bikes are madeby them in the factory.五含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成.We can repair thiswatch in two days.—This watch can berepaired in two days.Wemust finishthis work soon. —This work must bedone soon.

六主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题1. 时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.—My computer has beenrepaired.2. 谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。His best friend often looksafter him.—He is often looked after byhis best friend.3. 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。（动词make/buy/get用for；动词give/send/lend/take用to）Vivian gave me a book.—I was given a book byVivian.—A book was given to me byVivian.4. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boysmoking a cigarette.The boy was caughtsmoking a cigarette.5.主动语态句中动词make,have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear,listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.Mr. Lee made him washthe dishes.--He was made to washthe dishes.6.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 据说It is reported that…据报道It is believed that…大家相信It is hoped that…大家希望It is well known that…众所周知It is thought that…大家认为It is suggested that…据建议例It is said thatthe boy has passed the national exam.＝The boy is saidto have passed the national exam.◆◆◆ ◆◆今天的内容就先到这里啦，胖鱼们明天见！

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