后端开发|Python教程
tftp备份配置文件
后端开发-Python教程
环境：【wind[open Tftp server] + virtualbox:ubuntn10 server】
tftp ： Open TFTP Server
ubuntn
python + pyexpect
采用虚拟机原因： pyexpect 不支持windows
注：原打算采用secrueCrt 脚本编写，因实践中发现没有使用linux下pexpect易用，灵活 ，之前习惯使用expect,因tcl【语法】没有python易用、易维护
编写些程序原因：
最近出了比较严重故障：因netscreen设备bug,一个节点主备设备同时出故障，更换设备后，发现备份配置文件出现乱码【中文】，不能直接使用。
考虑设备在内网，目前有近300台数通设备，因此采用原始tftp备份方式
因备份设备不多：暂只考虑功能，程序效率放在次要
发布：
基本实现netscreen,cisco ios, hw vrp，h3c f1000设备 备份程序
分离出设备信息配置 2.增加备份是否成功检测
问题：
1 未解决ping 不可达主要，反馈慢问题 解决办法：ip 一项，不支持主机名，在 ipCheck函数中添加检查地址进行解决
2.登录设备部署expect代码，没有处理认证失败情况，或者超时等基本检查问题
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复制代码 代码如下:
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#coding:utf-8
#!/usr/bin/python
\
program: run.py
\
import pexpect
import datetime
import time
import os
import re
#tftp服务器
tftpServer=192.168.1.115
#备份主机列表【配置格式如下】
#ip 备份脚本[系统类型] 登录帐号 密码 super密码 是否需要备份
backupHosts=[
{"ip":"192.168.1.27","script":"vrp","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.168.1.28","script":"vrp","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.10.100.100","script":"vrp","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.10.100.101","script":"vrp","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.10.98.167","script":"juniper","login":"netscreen","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.10.98.168","script":"juniper","login":"netscreen","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.168.1.124","script":"h3c_firewall","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.168.1.125","script":"h3c_firewall","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.10.98.233","script":"ios","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
{"ip":"192.10.98sd","script":"ios","login":"test","passwd":"*****","su_passwd":"*****","check":"Y"},
]
# 检查主机是否可达
def ipCheck(ip):
if re.match(r"\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}",ip):
if os.uname()[0] == "Linux":
output=os.popen("/bin/ping -c 1 -W 2 %s" % (ip)).read().split("\n")
if "1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms" in output:
return True
else:
return False
else:
return False
# 产生日期
def getToday():
return datetime.date.today()
\核心代码\
def telnet_hw3552(ip,login,passwd,su_passwd):
try:
foo = pexpect.spawn(/usr/bin/telnet %s % (ip))
index = foo.expect([sername:, assword:])
if index == 0:
foo.sendline(login)
foo.expect("assword:")
foo.sendline(passwd)
elif index == 1:
foo.sendline(passwd)
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("super")
foo.expect("assword:")
foo.sendline(su_passwd)
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("tftp %s put %s %s " % (tftpServer,"vrpcfg.cfg",ip+"_hw_"+str(getToday())+".cfg"))
index=foo.expect(["successfully","Error"])
if index == 1:
foo.sendline(" ")
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("tftp %s put %s %s " % (tftpServer,"vrpcfg.zip",ip+"_hw_"+str(getToday())+".zip"))
foo.sendline("quit")
except pexpect.EOF:
foo.close()
else:
foo.close
#思科ios系统交换机
def telnet_ciscoios(ip,login,passwd,su_passwd):
try:
foo = pexpect.spawn(/usr/bin/telnet %s % (ip))
index = foo.expect([sername:, assword:])
if index == 0:
foo.sendline(login)
foo.expect("assword:")
foo.sendline(passwd)
elif index == 1:
foo.sendline(passwd)
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("en")
foo.expect("assword:")
foo.sendline(su_passwd)
foo.expect("#")
foo.sendline("copy running-config tftp")
foo.expect(".*remote.*")
foo.sendline("%s" % (tftpServer))
foo.expect(".*filename.*")
foo.sendline("%s" % (ip+"_ciscoIos_"+str(getToday())+"_runningconfig.cfg"))
foo.expect("#")
foo.sendline("exit")
except pexpect.EOF:
foo.close()
else:
foo.close
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#h3c防火墙
def telnet_h3cfirewallf1000(ip,login,passwd,su_passwd):
try:
foo = pexpect.spawn(/usr/bin/telnet %s % (ip))
index = foo.expect([sername:, assword:])
if index == 0:
foo.sendline(login)
foo.expect("assword:")
foo.sendline(passwd)
elif index == 1:
foo.sendline(passwd)
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("tftp %s put %s %s " % (tftpServer,"startup.cfg",ip+"_h3cf1000_"+str(getToday())+"_startup.cfg"))
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("tftp %s put %s %s " % (tftpServer,"system.xml",ip+"_h3cf1000_"+str(getToday())+"_system.xml"))
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("quit")
except pexpect.EOF:
foo.close()
else:
foo.close
#netscreen firewall
def telnet_netscren(ip,login,passwd,su_passwd):
try:
foo = pexpect.spawn(/usr/bin/telnet %s % (ip))
index = foo.expect([login:, assword:])
if index == 0:
foo.sendline(login)
foo.expect("assword:")
foo.sendline(passwd)
elif index == 1:
foo.sendline(passwd)
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline(su_passwd)
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("save config to tftp %s %s" % (tftpServer,ip+"_netscreen_"+str(getToday())+".cfg"))
foo.expect("Succeeded")
foo.expect(">")
foo.sendline("exit")
foo.expect(".*save.*")
foo.sendline("Y")
except pexpect.EOF:
foo.close()
else:
foo.close
#调用核心代码函数
def run():
\先查看配置，确认设备是否需要备份， 再确认设备是否网络可达，ok才进行备份操作\
for i in backupHosts:
if i[check] == "Y":
if ipCheck(i[ip]):
print(" --->>> backup %s ......" % (i[ip]))
if i[script] == "vrp":
telnet_hw3552(i[ip],i[login],i[passwd],i[su_passwd]) #cfg
elif i[script] == "ios":
telnet_ciscoios(i[ip],i[login],i[passwd],i[su_passwd]) #cisco
elif i[script] == "juniper":
telnet_netscren(i[ip],i[login],i[passwd],i[su_passwd]) #juniper netscreen
elif i[script] == "h3c_firewall":
telnet_h3cfirewallf1000(i[ip],i[login],i[passwd],i[su_passwd]) # h3c firewall
else:
print("%s [%s] nonsupoort this type system host" % (i[ip],i[script]))
else:
print("unknown host %s or hosts ip config error" % (i[ip]))
#+++++++++++++++++++++main+++++++++++++++++++=
if __name__ == "__main__":
#执行备份
run()
#检查备份是否成功
print("----------------------- report ------------------")
backupPath=/win_data/tftp_log #备份路径
tftpList=[]
for i in os.popen("ls %s | grep \"%s\"" % (backupPath,getToday())).readlines(): #将备份到文件存放于列表中
tftpList.append(i.split("_")[0])
for i in backupHosts: #检查需要备份设备，是否备份到[tftp上有没有文件] 没：则提示
if i[check] == "Y":
if i[ip] not in tftpList:
print("%s backup error" % (i[ip]))
\
#测试
testistrator@python:/win_data$ python run.py
--->>> backup 192.168.1.27 ......
--->>> backup 192.168.1.28 ......
--->>> backup 192.10.100.100 ......
--->>> backup 192.10.100.101 ......
--->>> backup 192.10.98.167 ......
--->>> backup 192.10.98.168 ......
--->>> backup 192.168.1.124 ......
--->>> backup 192.168.1.125 ......
--->>> backup 192.10.98.233 ......
unknown host 192.10.98sd or hosts ip config error
----------------------- report ------------------
192.10.98sd backup error
\
