Pxe +ks+ cobbler+ cobbler-web 实现centos6.7,centos7.2无人值守全自动化网络安装系统。
实验环境：一台centos7.2 主机 一块网卡 vnet1 10.0.0.10/8 静态ip地址。两台测试安装centos6.7及centos7.2的虚拟机，网卡各1块，都是vnet1，网卡启动（bios里调）
由于cobbler软件包，是epel源的，所以安装epel源。
Wget /fedora-epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm（centos7与centos6的epel源不同）
Rpm -ivh epel-lease-latest.noarch
安装的结果：加了一个yum创库配置文件及配置和此创库软件包校验签名的公钥文件/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM_GPG_KEY_EPEL-7
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
安装相关软件：
Yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web bind dhcp syslinux (httpd,tftp-server........会关联安装上）
Systemctl stop firewalld setenforce 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection modify eno16777728 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 10.0.0.10/8
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl restart network
配置cobbler 其主配置文件/etc/cobbler/setting
server:10.0.0.10
next_server:10.0.0.10----------是dhcp里配置next-server的地址即为tftp-server地址
default_password_crypted:"$1$love$sMbBwgqmuHcawBZ7sh04c0"
[root@localhost Desktop]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'love' '11qq```'
$1$love$sMbBwgqmuHcawBZ7sh04c0
Manage_dhcp:1
Manage_dns:1
Manage_tftpd:1
Bind_master:10.0.0.10
配置cobbler管理的服务的配置模板文件：
Vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp-template------------dhcp模板文件
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 {
# option routers 192.168.1.5;
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.10;
option subnet-mask 255.0.0.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/cobbler/zone.template---------------dns模板文件
$TTL 1D
@IN SOA . . (
081401 ; Serial
600 ; Refresh
1800 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
300 ) ; TTL
IN NS ns1
ns1 IN A 10.0.0.10
wwwIN A 10.0.0.10
Systemctl start httpd
Systemctl start cobbler
如果能上互联网：cobbler get-loaders (去cobbler的自己专门的网站下载loaders文件到自己本地的数据目录/var/lib/cobbler/loaders)
如果不能上互联网：可以cp syslinux提供的文件
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
安装cobbler
在tftp-server的根目录下安装了几个空目录：[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /var/lib/tftpboot/*
/var/lib/tftpboot/boot:
/var/lib/tftpboot/etc:
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub:
/var/lib/tftpboot/p_w_picpaths:
/var/lib/tftpboot/p_w_picpaths2:
/var/lib/tftpboot/ppc:
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg:
/var/lib/tftpboot/s390x:
在httpd 的/var/www/cobbler下安装了几个目录，有些目录下还有几个文件：
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /var/www/cobbler/*（站点的cobbler静态数据）
/var/www/cobbler/aux:
anamon anamon.init
/var/www/cobbler/p_w_picpaths:
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror:
config
/var/www/cobbler/links:
/var/www/cobbler/localmirror:
/var/www/cobbler/pub:
/var/www/cobbler/rendered:
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror:
/var/www/cobbler/svc:
services.py services.pyc services.pyo
自己的数据目录：
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/*
/var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
/var/lib/cobbler/config:
distros.d files.d p_w_picpaths.d mgmtclasses.d packages.d profiles.d repos.d systems.d
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts:
default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed
esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders:
memdisk menu.c32 pxelinux.0
/var/lib/cobbler/scripts:
preseed_early_default preseed_late_default
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets:
cobbler_register kickstart_done networking.xml pre_partition_select
download_config_files kickstart_start partition_select preseed_apt_repo_config
download_config_files_deb koan_environment post_anamon proxy.xml
func_install_if_enabled late_apt_repo_config post_install_kernel_options puppet_install_if_enabled
func_register_if_enabled log_ks_post post_install_network_config puppet_register_if_enabled
hosts.xml log_ks_post_nochroot post_install_network_config_deb redhat_register
kdump.xml log_ks_pre post_koan_add_reinstall_entry restore_boot_device
keep_cfengine_keys main_partition_select post_run_deb rhn_certificate_based_register
keep_files network_config post_s390_reboot save_boot_device
keep_rhn_keys network_config_esx pre_anamon suse_scriptwrapper.xml
keep_ssh_host_keys network_config_esxi pre_install_network_config
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers:
add change delete install sync
/var/lib/cobbler/webui_sessions:
Vim /etc/xinetd/tftp disable = no
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl start tftp.socket
[root@localhost Desktop]#
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl start rsyncd.socket
注意：所有的服务的ip地址要相同。
Cobbler check 检查cobbler 工作环境是否满足条件。不满足，按照提示配置使其满足条件即可。
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler sync
task started: -08-14_154703_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Aug 14 15:47:03 )
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/p_w_picpaths
copying bootloaders
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying p_w_picpaths
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
Systemctl start dhcpd systemctl start tftp.service
[root@localhost Desktop]# cp /etc/cobbler/zone.template /var/named/wudang
[root@localhost Desktop]# named-checkzone "" /var/named/wudang
zone /IN: loaded serial 081401
OK
[root@localhost Desktop]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
Systemclt start named
所有服务一切正常工作，万事俱备，只欠东风，只差distro和ks文件，先用cobbler-web 来管理。(python写的动态网站程序）
Vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/cobbler_web.conf
# SSLRequireSSL
# N×××equireSSL
# SSLRequireSSL
# N×××equireSSL
注释掉上述四行，不能提示没有权限。（Centos6.7，不用注释）
Cobbler-web的管理账号：
[root@localhost Desktop]# htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler lili
Adding password for lili in realm Cobbler.
New password:
Re-type new password:
Systemctl restart httpd
http://10.0.0.10/cobbler_web(脚本路径别名）
Yum -y install system-config-kickstart
Systemctl-config-kickstarts（在gui下运行），生成kickstart文件
生成Centos6.7的ks文件：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="/cobbler/links/centos6.7-x86_64"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$xVtPuisx$X3B4rqKlzJKYLO7JiceSG1
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
text
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
Reboot# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --md5pass="$1$ipBQVdC5$.8/AhDSGAzf10urvR6rcm."
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10240
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
%post
useradd tom
echo '11qq```' | passwd --stdin tom
%end
%packages
@base
@basic-desktop
@x11
1,1 Top
生成centos7.2的ks文件：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$LYe2x3i4$n/fkJEqo//QaFYUQAYvmk/
# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan
# Use network installation
url --url="/cobbler/links/centos7.2-x86_64"
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
#graphical
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
autopart --type=lvm
%packages
@^graphical-server-environment
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@fonts@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@multimedia
@print-client
@x11
kexec-tools
%end
%post
useradd jack
echo '11qq```' | passwd --stdin jack
%end
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
1,1 Top
Cobbler导入distro
Mount /dev/sr0 /mnt 挂载centos7.2安装光盘
Cobble import --name=centos7.2 --path=/mnt
删除默认的profile
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.2-x86_64
添加一个profile /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile add --name=7.2 --distro=centos7.2-x86_64 kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
同理：
Umount /dev/sr0
Mount /dev/sr0 /mnt 挂载centos6.7的光盘
Cobbler import --name=centos6.7 --path=/mnt
删除默认的profile
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.7-x86_64
添加一个profile /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile add --name=6.7 --distro=centos6.7-x86_64 kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6ks.cfg
测试dns
dig @10.0.0.10
[root@localhost Desktop]# dig @10.0.0.10
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7 <<>> @10.0.0.10
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48102
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
.86400INA10.0.0.10
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
..
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
.86400INA10.0.0.10
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.0.10#53(10.0.0.10)
;; WHEN: Sun Aug 14 16:55:48 CST
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 93
Dns工作正常。
安装测试：centos6.7虚拟机：
网卡启动:
Centos7.2虚拟机安装：
网卡启动:
总结：一个distro 可以结合多个不同的ks文件，生成这个发行版的多个不同的profile文件，满足多个不同的安装需要。
Cobbler 可以让配置更加简单，/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default自动生成，profile自动生成。
