华为OSPF路由负载分担配置示例
1、组网需求
图1 OSPF负载分担组网示例图
如图1所示，OSPF网络中有四台交换机，同属于区域0。要求配置负载分担，使得SwitchA流量，可以分别通过SwitchB和SwitchC送到SwitchD。
2、配置思路
2.1、在各交换机上配置OSPF基本功能，实现OSPF网络的基本互通。
2.2、在SwitchA配置负载分担，实现负载均衡的目的。
3、操作步骤
3.1、配置各接口所属VLAN
#配置SwitchA。SwitchB、SwitchC和SwitchD的配置与SwitchA类似。
system-view
[HUAWEI] sysname SwitchA
[SwitchA] vlan batch 10 20 50
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port
link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port trunk
allow-pass vlan 10
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port
link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port trunk
allow-pass vlan 20
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port
link-type trunk
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port trunk
allow-pass vlan 50
[SwitchA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
3.2、配置各VLANIF接口的IP地址
#配置SwitchA。SwitchB、SwitchC和SwitchD的配置与SwitchA类似。
[SwitchA] interface vlanif 10
[SwitchA-Vlanif10] ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[SwitchA-Vlanif10] quit
[SwitchA] interface vlanif 20
[SwitchA-Vlanif20] ip address 10.1.2.1 24
[SwitchA-Vlanif20] quit
[SwitchA] interface vlanif 50
[SwitchA-Vlanif50] ip address 172.16.1.1 24
[SwitchA-Vlanif50] quit
3.3、配置OSPF基本功能
#配置SwitchA。
[SwitchA] ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.1
[SwitchA-ospf-1] area 0
[SwitchA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[SwitchA-ospf-1] quit
#配置SwitchB。
[SwitchB] ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.2
[SwitchB-ospf-1] area 0
[SwitchB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[SwitchB-ospf-1] quit
#配置SwitchC。
[SwitchC] ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.3
[SwitchC-ospf-1] area 0
[SwitchC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[SwitchC-ospf-1] quit
#配置SwitchD。
[SwitchD] ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.4
[SwitchD-ospf-1] area 0
[SwitchD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.0.0
0.0.0.255
[SwitchD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network
172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
[SwitchD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[SwitchD-ospf-1] quit
#查看SwitchA的路由表。
[SwitchA] display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes :
12
Destination/Mask Proto
Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0
0 D 10.1.1.1 Vlanif10
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif10
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0
D 10.1.2.1 Vlanif20
10.1.2.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif20
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1
InLoopBack0
172.16.1.0/24 Direct 0
0 D 172.16.1.1 Vlanif50
172.16.1.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif50
172.17.1.0/24 OSPF 10
3 D 10.1.1.2 Vlanif10
OSPF
10 3 D
10.1.2.2 Vlanif20
192.168.0.0/24 OSPF 10
2 D 10.1.1.2 Vlanif10
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10
2 D 10.1.2.2 Vlanif20
从路由表可以看出，由于最大等价路由条数的缺省值为16，因此SwitchA的两个下一跳10.1.1.2(SwitchB)和10.1.2.2(SwitchC)均成为有效路由。
3.4、在SwitchA上配置等价路由优先级
如果不希望SwitchB和SwitchC形成负载分担，可以配置等价路由优先级，指定下一跳。
[SwitchA] ospf 1
[SwitchA-ospf-1] nexthop 10.1.2.2 weight 1
[SwitchA-ospf-1] quit
#查看SwitchA的路由表
[SwitchA] display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes :
11
Destination/Mask Proto
Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0
0 D 10.1.1.1 Vlanif10
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif10
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0
0 D 10.1.2.1 Vlanif20
10.1.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D
127.0.0.1 Vlanif20
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.1.0/24 Direct 0
0 D 172.16.1.1
Vlanif50
172.16.1.1/32 Direct 0
0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif50
172.17.1.0/24 OSPF 10
3 D 10.1.2.2 Vlanif20
192.168.0.0/24 OSPF 10
2 D 10.1.1.2 Vlanif10
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10
2 D 10.1.2.2 Vlanif20
从路由表中可以看出，当配置等价路由的优先级后，由于下一跳为10.1.2.2(SwitchC)的优先级(权值为1)高于下一跳为10.1.1.2(SwitchB)的优先级，所以OSPF优先选择下一跳为10.1.2.2为唯一最优路由。
4、配置文件
4.1、SwitchA的配置文件
#
sysname SwitchA
#
vlan batch 10 20 50
#
interface Vlanif10
ip
address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif20
ip
address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif50
ip
address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 50
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.1
nexthop 10.1.2.2 weight 1
area
0.0.0.0
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
4.2、SwitchB的配置文件
#
sysname SwitchB
#
vlan batch 10 30
#
interface Vlanif10
ip
address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif30
ip
address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 30
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.2
area
0.0.0.0
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
4.3、SwitchC的配置文件
#
sysname SwitchC
#
vlan batch 20 40
#
interface Vlanif20
ip
address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif40
ip
address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 40
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.3
area
0.0.0.0
network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
4.4、SwitchD的配置文件
#
sysname SwitchD
#
vlan batch 30 40 60
#
interface Vlanif30
ip
address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif40
ip
address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlanif60
ip
address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 30
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 40
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
port
link-type trunk
port
trunk allow-pass vlan 60
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.4
area
0.0.0.0
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
