# -*- coding:utf8 -*-"""# editor: hjjdreamer# create-time: /11/16-23:08# Python-Script: chapter6-container.py# describe: 数据容器课程代码简单记新版黑马程序员python教程，8天python从入门到精通，学python看这套就够了/video/BV1qW4y1a7fU?p=81&vd_source=19d68c51d074de183fd2e6b1b1cb0a9b"""# lesson1: list"""列表 = []标识符逗号分割每个数据称为元素列表内的元素数据类型不受限制"""ls = ["das", 666, True, 12.987]print(ls)print(type(ls))# 列表间的嵌套ls2 = [1, "dada", ["adad", 123], ["aqwe", True]]print(ls2)print(type(ls2))print(ls2[2][1])"""索引 + 下标从 0 开始，依次增加 == 左到右反向索引 == 从后向前 == 从 -1 开始"""ls3 = ["a", "b", "c"]print(ls3)print(ls3[0])print(ls3[1])print(ls3[2])# print(ls3[3]) #IndexError: list index out of rangeprint("\n反向索引 == 从后向前 == 从 -1 开始")print(ls3[-1])print(ls3[-2])print(ls3[-3])# 列表嵌套取数ls4 = [[1, "dada", 12.456], ["adad", 123], ["aqwe", True]]print(ls4[0][2]) # 12.456print(ls4[1][1]) # 123print(ls4[2][0]) # aqwe# 列表常用操作"""在python中，若将函数定义为class的成员，那么函数称之为方法方法和函数的功能一样，有传入参数，有返回值，只是格式不一样"""class student:def add(self, x, y):return x + ystudent = student() # 获取类num = student.add(3, 4) # 获取方法print(num)# lesson2: index + list"""存在返回索引值 + 不存在则报错"""list1 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]index = list1.index("a")print(f"a 在列表中的下标索引是 {index}")# 修改特定元素的索引值"""list[index] = value"""print(list1)list1[0] = "abab"print(f"edit list1 == {list1}")# insert"""insert(下标，索引)，指定位置，插入指定元素"""print(list1)list1.insert(2, "cdcdc")print(f"insert list1 == {list1}")# append"""追加元素在最后"""print(list1)list1.append("zzzzzzz")print(f"append list1 == {list1}")# extend"""追加一批元素"""list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]print(list2)print(list)list1.extend(list2)print(f"extend list == {list1}")# del + popprint(list1)del list1[2]print(f"del list1 == {list1}")element = list1.pop(0)print(f"pop list1 == {list1} + element == {element}")# remove"""删除某元素在列表中的第一个匹配项目，只能删除一个"""print(list1)list1.remove("zzzzzzz")print(f"remove list1 == {list1}")# clear() 清空列表print(list2)list2.clear()print(f"clear list2 == {list2}")# countlist3 = ["a", "a", "a", "a", "a", "ada", "dadq"]print(list3)count = list3.count("a")print(f"list3 has {count} a")# lenprint(list1)count = len(list1)print(f"count element == {count}")# while"""index = 0while index < len(list1):element = list1[index]index += 1"""def list_while():print(list1)index = 0while index < len(list1):element = list1[index]print(f"element == {element}")index += 1list_while()# for"""for tmc_var in container：jobs"""list4 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]def list_for():for num in list4:print(f"{num}")list_for()# lesson3: tuple"""元组的信息不能篡改可以封装多个不同类型元素小括号逗号分隔"""t1 = (1, "hello", True)t2 = ("adad",) # 必须带有逗号，否则不是元组类型t3 = tuple()print(f"t1 内容是 {t1}, 类型是{type(t1)}")print(f"t2 内容是 {t2}, 类型是{type(t2)}")print(f"t3 内容是 {t3}, 类型是{type(t3)}")# 元组的嵌套t5 = ((1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9))print(f"t5 内容是 {t5}, 类型是{type(t5)}")# 下标索引print(t5[1][1])# 基本操作"""indexcountlen"""# index 查找t4 = ("adad", "asas", "qwqw")index = t4.index("adad")print(f"在元组{t4}, 'adad'下标索引是{index}")# count + len 统计t6 = ("adad", "asas", "qwqw", "adad", "asas", "qwqw")num = t6.count("asas")num1 = len(t6)print(f"元组{t6} 一共有 {num1} elements, 'asas'一共有{num}")# while + forindex = 0 # 控制初始值while index < len(t6):print(f"{t6} has {t6[index]}")index += 1print("while done\n")for element in t6:print(f"{t6} has {element}")# 元组的修改"""不可以修改元组的元素可以修改元组内的列表元素 == 列表的特征 == 增删改查"""t7 = (1, 2, ["a", "b", "c"])print(f"t7 == {t7}")t7[2][1] = "dadadad"t7[2][0] = "12323123dadadad"print(f"t7 == {t7}")"""summar可以容纳多个不同类型元素支持下标索引允许重复数据不可以修改（增删改），可以修改元组内的列表元素支持while + for"""# lesson4: str"""字符串可以通过下标索引访问字符串是一个无法修改的数据容器如果进行修改，得到一个新的字符串"""str1 = "asdfghjk qweqrewrq ewrqwer"print(str1[0])print(str1[-1])# indexvalue = str1.index("q")print(value)# replace"""str.replace(str1, str2)字符串替换，得到一个新的字符串"""str2 = str1.replace("ewrqwer", "c")print(f"str1 == {str1} + str2 == {str2}")print(id(str2))print(id(str1))# split"""str.split(分隔符)按照分隔符对字符串进行分隔成多个字符串，并存入列表对象中字符串本身不变，得到一个新的列表对象"""list1 = str1.split(" ")print(list1)# strip"""str.strip() == 去除前后空格str.strip(str) == 去除前后指定字符串"""str3 = " a b c d e"str31 = str3.strip() # 去除首位空格print(f"str3 == {str3} \nstr31 =={str31}")str4 = "12a b c d e12"str41 = str4.strip("12")print(f"str4 == {str4} \nstr41 =={str41}")# countprint(str1)count = str1.count("qw")print(f"{str1} has {count} qw")# lennum = len(str1)print(f"str1 == {str1} + len == {num}")# while + forstr5 = "abcdefg"index = 0while index < len(str5):print(str5[index])index += 1for i in str5:print(i)"""summary只可以存储字符串长度任意支持下标索引允许重复字符不可以修改支持循环"""# test# TODO 1:definestr6 = "itheima itcast boxuegu"# TODO 2:COUNT(IT)num = str6.count("it")print(f"str6 = {str6} has {num} it")# TODO 3:REPLACEstr61 = str6.replace(" ", "|")print(f"str6 == {str6} + str61 == {str61}")# TODO 4:SPLITstr61_list = str61.split("|")print(str61_list)# lesson5 序列"""序列 == 内容连续，有序，可以使用下标索引的一类数据容器列表，元组，字符串都可以视为序列切片 == 从一个序列中取出一个子序列 == 序列(起始下标: 结束下标: 步长)表示从序列中，指定位置开始，依次取出元素，到指定位置结束，得到一个新序列起始下标为空 == 从头开始，包含结束下标为空 == 从尾开始，不包含"""list5 = [0, 1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6]list51 = list5[1:4]print(list51)list52 = list5[3:1:-1]print(list52)tuple2 = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)tuple21 = tuple2[:]print(tuple21)tuple22 = tuple2[::-2]print(tuple22)str7 = "01234567"str71 = str7[::2]print(str71)str72 = str7[::-1]print(str72)# lesson6 set"""去重逗号分隔元素没有顺序，不支持下标索引支持修改回顾：列表 []元组 ()字符 ""集合 {}"""set1 = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "b", "c", "d"}set_empty = set()print(f"set1 == {set1}, type = {type(set1)}")print(f"set1 == {set_empty}, type = {type(set_empty)}")# add 添加新元素set1.add("wq")set1.add("43242")print(set1)# remove 移除新元素set1.remove("a")print(f"{set1}")# pop 随机取数element1 = set1.pop()print(f"{set1} get element = {element1}")# clear 清空集合set1.clear()print(f"{set1}")# 差集set1 = {1, 2, 3}set2 = {1, 5, 6}set3 = set1.difference(set2) # 集合1有，集合2没有set4 = set2.difference(set1) # 集合2有，集合1没有print(set3) # {2, 3}print(set4) # {5, 6}print(set1) # {1, 2, 3}print(set2) # {1, 5, 6}# 消除2个集合的差集print("====difference_update====")set1 = {1, 2, 3}set2 = {1, 5, 6}set1.difference_update(set2)print(set1) # {2, 3}print(set2) # {1, 5, 6}# union 合并组成新集合set1 = {1, 2, 3}set2 = {1, 5, 6}set3 = set1.union(set2)print(set3) # {1, 2, 3, 5, 6}print(set2) # {1, 5, 6}print(set1) # {1, 2, 3}# len 统计num = len(set3)print(f"{num}")# 遍历"""集合不支持下标索引，不适用while循环for循环适用"""for i in set3:print(f"{i}")# 案例list6 = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "e", "a", "b"]set5 = set()for element in list6:set5.add(element)print(f"{list6}")print(f"{set5}")"""可以容纳不同类型的多个数据无序存储不允许重复可以修改支持for循环"""# lesson7: 字典"""key:value不可以使用下标索引可以通过key取得value"""dict1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}# 定义空字典dict2 = {}dict3 = dict()print(f"dict1 == {dict1}, type == {type(dict1)}")print(f"dict2 == {dict2}, type == {type(dict2)}")print(f"dict3 == {dict3}, type == {type(dict3)}")# key value的覆盖，后面覆盖前面dict2 = {"a": 1, "a": 2, "c": 3}print(dict2)# 通过key 取得valuedict1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}num = dict1["b"]print(f"{dict1}, b value == {num}")# 字典的嵌套"""字典的key 和 value 是任意数据类型，但是key不能为字典"""dict2 = {"a": {"chinese": 85, "maths": 85, "english": 85},"b": {"chinese": 75, "maths": 75, "english": 75},"c": {"chinese": 65, "maths": 65, "english": 65}}print(dict2)score = dict2["b"]["maths"]print(f"b + maths == {score}")score1 = dict2["c"]["english"]print(f"c + english == {score1}")# 新增或者修改"""dict[key] = value字典key不可以重复：对已存在的key执行就是更新key的value对不存在的key执行就是新增"""dict1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}dict1["a"] = 5dict1["d"] = 4print(dict1)# 删除元素num = dict1.pop("a")print(f"dict1 use pop update {dict1}, delete a, value == {num}")# 清空 cleardict1.clear()print(f"dict1 clear == {dict1}")# 获取所有的键 keyskeys = dict2.keys()print(f"{dict2} has {keys}")# 遍历字典"""通过获取全部的key，执行for循环遍历"""for key in keys:print(f"dict2_key == {key}")print(f"dict2_value == {dict2[key]}")"""直接对dict2的key 执行循环"""for key in dict2:print(f"dict2_key == {key}")print(f"dict2_value == {dict2[key]}")"""利用多重赋值的技巧，利用循环结构将键或值分别赋给不同的变量"""a = {'数学': 95, '语文': 89, '英语': 90}for k in a.keys():print(k, end=' ')print("\n---------------")for v in a.values():print(v, end=' ')print("\n---------------")for k, v in a.items():print("key:", k, " value:", v)# lennum = len(dict2)print(num)print("===================")# exampleinfo_dict = {"a": {"depart": "sci", "pay": 3000, "level": 1},"b": {"depart": "mark", "pay": 5000, "level": 2},"d": {"depart": "mark", "pay": 7000, "level": 3},"c": {"depart": "sci", "pay": 4000, "level": 1},"e": {"depart": "mark", "pay": 6000, "level": 2}}print(f"{info_dict}")# 遍历for name in info_dict:# if 条件判断if info_dict[name]["level"] == 1: # "1" == 报错# 获取信息empl_info_dict = info_dict[name]print(f"{empl_info_dict}")empl_info_dict["level"] = 2 # == 失败empl_info_dict["pay"] += 1000# 返回值info_dict[name] = empl_info_dictprint(f"{info_dict}\n")"""小结容纳多个不同类型元素每一份数据都是键值对模式key不可重复，通过key获取value不支持下标可以修改支持for循环"""# lesson8: 总结"""支持索引？Y: list tuple str == 序列类型N: set dict == 非序列类型 支持重复元素？Y: list tuple str == 序列类型N: set dict == 非序列类型支持修改？Y: list set dictN: tuple str""""""数据容器 列表 元组 字符 集合 字典元素数量 多个 多个 多个 多个 多个元素类型 任意 任意 仅字符 任意 K:Y下标索引 支持 支持 支持 不行 不行重复元素 支持 支持 支持 不行 不行可修改性 支持 不行 不行 支持 支持数据有序 是的 是的 是的 没有 没有""""""数据容器的应用场景list 一批数据 + 可修改 + 可重复tuple 一批数据 + 不可修改 + 可重复str一串字符串set一批数据 + 可修改 + 不可重复dict 一批数据 + Key:Value""""""通用操作for都支持while list + tuple + str ==> set + dict 没有下标索引，所以不支持pycharm 垂直选择多行,alt+鼠标左键选择len() + max() + min()"""list8 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]tuple8 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)str8 = "abcdefg"set8 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}dict8 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4, "e": 5}# lenprint(f"list == len == {len(list8)} == {list8}")print(f"tuple == len == {len(tuple8)} == {tuple8}")print(f"str == len == {len(str8)} == {str8}")print(f"set == len == {len(set8)} == {set8}")print(f"dict == len == {len(dict8)} == {dict8}")# max# pycharm 垂直选择多行,alt+鼠标左键选择print(f"list == max == {max(list8)} == {list8}")print(f"tuple == max == {max(tuple8)} == {tuple8}")print(f"str == max == {max(str8)} == {str8}")print(f"set == max == {max(set8)} == {set8}")print(f"dict == max == {max(dict8)} == {dict8}")# minprint(f"list == min == {min(list8)} == {list8}")print(f"tuple == min == {min(tuple8)} == {tuple8}")print(f"str == min == {min(str8)} == {str8}")print(f"set == min == {min(set8)} == {set8}")print(f"dict == min == {min(dict8)} == {dict8}")# 通用类型转换# list()print("\nlist()\n")print(f"list =to= list == {list(list8)}")print(f"tuple =to= list == {list(tuple8)}")print(f"str =to= list == {list(str8)}")print(f"set =to= list == {list(set8)}")print(f"dict =to= list == {list(dict8)}")# str()print("\nstr()\n")print(f"list =to= str == {str(list8)}")print(f"tuple =to= str == {str(tuple8)}")print(f"str =to= str == {str(str8)}")print(f"set =to= str == {str(set8)}")print(f"dict =to= str == {str(dict8)}")# tuple()print("\ntuple()\n")print(f"list =to= tuple == {tuple(list8)}")print(f"tuple =to= tuple == {tuple(tuple8)}")print(f"str =to= tuple == {tuple(str8)}")print(f"set =to= tuple == {tuple(set8)}")print(f"dict =to= tuple == {tuple(dict8)}")# set()print("\nset()\n")print(f"list =to= set == {set(list8)}")print(f"tuple =to= set == {set(tuple8)}")print(f"str =to= set == {set(str8)}")print(f"set =to= set == {set(set8)}")print(f"dict =to= set == {set(dict8)}")# sorted()list8 = [3,1,2,5,4]tuple8 = (3,1,2,5,4)str8 = "gacbefd"set8 = {3,1,2,5,4}dict8 = {"a": 1, "c": 2, "b": 3, "e": 4, "d": 5}print(f"list = sort == {sorted(list8)}")print(f"tuple = sort == {sorted(tuple8)}")print(f"str = sort == {sorted(str8)}")print(f"set = sort == {sorted(set8)}")print(f"dict = sort == {sorted(dict8)}")print("sorted + reverse")print(f"list = sort == {sorted(list8, reverse=True)}")print(f"tuple = sort == {sorted(tuple8, reverse=True)}")print(f"str = sort == {sorted(str8, reverse=True)}")print(f"set = sort == {sorted(set8, reverse=True)}")print(f"dict = sort == {sorted(dict8, reverse=True)}")# TypeError: ‘list’ object is not callable# callable()是python的内置函数，用来检查对象是否可被调用，可被调用指的是对象能否使用()括号的方法调用，类似于iterable（）# 在如上代码中，由于变量list和函数list重名了，所以函数在使用list函数时，发现list是一个定义好的列表，而列表是不能被调用的，因此抛出一个类型错误
