本考点是近几年高考全国卷中考查的要点,属于容易题,主要考查非谓语的固定搭配形式,如一些动词只能接doing作宾语,或一些动词只能接to do作宾语等。考查形式:语法填空和短文改错。
考点聚焦
非谓语动词的句法功能
考点精讲
1.非谓语doing作宾语
①下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。
例如:I suggest playing football.( 即suggest +doing )
②下列动词短语接动名词:leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。
例如:I am looking forward to visiting Beijing.
③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。
2. 非谓语to do作宾语(即某些动词后只能接to do作宾语)
1)下列动词接不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等
例如:She refused to finish the work last week.
3.非谓语to do作定语,下列词语后常接不定式作定语:chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、plan、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
例如:The way to finish the job is very easy.
She is the first person to arrive at the train station.
4.非谓语doing/to do 作动词后的宾语(但表示的意思不同)
remember, forget, regret, try
5.非谓语to do 作宾补(即结构ask sb to do sth)常见的词有:advise, allow,encourage,expect , forbid, force,invite. tell,want,warn, wait for,order,persusade,require等
例如:The docter warned him not to eat too much meat.
6. 某些动词后接do/doing 作宾补
例如:see sb do sth(看见某人作过某事)
see sb doing sth (看见某人正在做某事)
该类的词有:watch,notice, hear,feel,have等可接do sth或doing sth作宾补;
注意:let和make是接do sth作宾补;即:let sb do sth
find/leave/keep接doing作宾补即:find sb doing sth
—全国卷语法专项
语法填空
1. My ambassadorial duties will include _____(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. (全国1)
解析:因为include后面接doing作宾语。所以填introducing;
2. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(全国1)
解析:考查require sb to do sth的结构;这里是被动,直接填 to process;
3. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (全国1)
解析:因为by是介词,所以直接填eating;
4. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).(全国3)
解析:考查Spend+时间/钱+in doing sth的结构,填resting;
5. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. (全国3)
解析:考查want to do的结构,填 to prove;
6. You don"t have to run fast or for long________(see)the benefit.(全国1)
解析:to do表示目的;填to see;
7. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running. (全国1)
解析:因为of是介词,所以填 dying;
8. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to______(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. (全国1)
解析:因为这里是做锻炼来加强肌肉。to 在这里是不定式 填动词strengthen;
9. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn"t feel challenged.(全国3)
解析:avoid接doing作宾语;填looking;
10. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _________ (stay)and watch. (全国3)
解析:考查allow sb to do sth的结构,填 to stay;
11. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.(全国1)
解析:考查adj+to do的结构;填to perform;
12. Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.(全国1)
解析:by是介词,后面接doing作宾语;填noting;
13. A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for (be)Britain"s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.( 年全国2)
解析:for是个介词,所以填being;
14. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business. ( 年全国2)
解析:plan是接to do的结构,填to retire;
短文改错
1. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (全国1)
解析:考查be used for表被用来作什么;所以using改为used;
2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(全国2)
解析:between是介词,所以take改为taking;
3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(全国3)
解析:by是介词,所以wear改为wearing;
4. The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”.(全国1)
解析:由“Speed up!” “Slow down!” 可知Turning改为Turn;
5. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.(全国1)
解析:by是介词;sell改为selling;
6. . As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.(全国2)
解析:考查ask to do结构 ,watching改为watch;
7. I"ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.(全国3)
解析:my dream is to opens该句中to是不定式,所以opens改为open;
8.If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. (全国3)
解析:考查succeed in doing的结构,所以manage改为managing;
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